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Cancer Therapeutics Flashcards

0
Q

Combination therapy for high-grade & intermediate Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, etc)

A

CHOP = Cyclophosphamide + Doxorubicin (Hydroxydaunorubicin) + Vincristine (Oncovin) + Prednisone

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1
Q

Combination therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma

A

MOPP = Mechlorethamine + Vincristine (Oncovin) + Procabazine + Prednisone

ABVD = Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) + Bleomycin + Vinblastine + Dacarbazine

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2
Q

Combination therapy for newly-diagnosed pediatric ALL

A

Vincristine, a corticosteroid (either dexamethasone or prednisone), L-asparaginase, and anthracycline (either doxorubicin or daunorubicin)

**NB: children with ALL are treated according to risk groups, defined by both clinical and laboratory features

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3
Q

Combination therapy for node-positive breast cancers

A

FEC (CEF) = Fluorouracil + Epirubicin + Cyclophosphamide

FAC (CAF) = Fluorouracil + Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) + Cyclophosphamide

CMF = Cyclophosphamide + Methotrexate + Fluorouracil

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4
Q

Combination therapy for brain cancers (anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma)

A

PCV = Procarbazine + Lomustine (CCNU) + Vincristine

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5
Q

Combination therapy for germ cell cancers (ovarian germ cell cancer, testicular cancer)

A

PEB = Cisplatin (Platinum) + Etoposide + Bleomycin

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6
Q

Combination therapy for MM

A

MP = Melphalan + Prednisone
(Old…now M + Bortezomib is standard 1st line therapy).

Avoid melphalan/other alkylation agents if pt is candidate for subsequent stem cell transplantation

VAD = Vincristine + Adriamycin + Dexamethasone

Lenalidomide + dexamethasone = effective 1st line therapy

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7
Q

Combination therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma

A

FOLFOX = Fluorouracil + Leucovorin + Oxaliplatin

FOLFIRI = Folate + FU + Irinotecan

FOLFOX/FOLFIRI + Bevacizumab is now a standard combo

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8
Q

Mechlorethamine

A

Alkylating agent

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9
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent

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10
Q

Melphalan

A

Alkylating agent

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11
Q

Thiotepa

A

Alkylating agent

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12
Q

Dacarbazine

A

Alkylating agent

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13
Q

Procarbazine

A

Alkylating agent

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14
Q

Temozolomide

A

Alkylating agent

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15
Q

Carmustine

A

Alkylating agent

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16
Q

Lomustine

A

Alkylating agent

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18
Q

Busulfan

A

Alkylating agent

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19
Q

Cisplatin

A

Platinum compound asso w/severe emesis, nephrotoxicity, irreversible neurotoxicity, and hearing loss

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20
Q

Carboplatin

A

Platinum compound

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21
Q

Oxaliplatin

A

Platinum compound asso w/peripheral sensory neuropathy, which tends to be reversible

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22
Q

Granisetron

A

Anti-emetic

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23
Q

Ordansetron

A

Anti-emetic

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24
Q

Daunorubicin

A

Anthracycline/Anti-neoplastic ABx

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25
Q

Doxorubicin/Adriamycin

A

Anthracycline/Anti-neoplastic ABx

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26
Q

Epirubicin

A

Anthracycline/Anti-neoplastic ABx

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27
Q

Idarubicin

A

Anthracycline/Anti-neoplastic ABx

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28
Q

Mitomycin

A

Anti-neoplastic ABx

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29
Q

Dactinomycin

A

Anti-neoplastic ABx

30
Q

Bleomycin

A

Anti-neoplastic ABx

31
Q

Vinblastine

A

Antimicrotubule agent; inhibits microtubule assembly/destabilizes microtubules. BM suppression = D-L toxicity. Shortest half-life, fastest clearance rate of the vinca alkaloids

32
Q

Vincristine

A

Antimicrotubule agent; inhibits microtubule assembly/destabilizes microtubules. Crosses BBB. Neurotoxicity = D-L toxicity

33
Q

Vinorelbine

A

Antimicrotubule agent; inhibits microtubule assembly/destabilizes microtubules. BM suppression = D-L toxicity

34
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Antimicrotubule agent; inhibits microtubule disassembly/stabilizes microtubules. D-L toxicity = neutropenia

35
Q

Docetaxel

A

Antimicrotubule agent; inhibits microtubule disassembly/stabilizes microtubules. D-L toxicity = neutropenia

36
Q

Premeds for taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel)

A

Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) and/or antihistamines (diphenhydramine)

37
Q

Methotrexate

A

Folate antagonist. Single agent curative for choriocarcinoma

38
Q

Pemetrexed

A

Folate antagonist

39
Q

Fluorouracil

A

Pyrimidine antagonist

40
Q

Capecitabine

A

Pyrimidine antagonist

41
Q

Cytarabine

A

Pyrimidine antagonist

42
Q

Gemcitabine

A

Pyrimidine antagonist

43
Q

Decitabine

A

Pyrimidine antagonist

44
Q

Mercaptopurine

A

Purine antagonist

45
Q

Fludarabine

A

Purine antagonist

46
Q

Cladribine

A

Purine antagonist

47
Q

Thioguanine

A

Purine antagonist

48
Q

Nelarabine

A

Purine antagonist

49
Q

Dasatinib

A

Kinase inhibitor. Inhibits imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL and other kinases. Approved for imatinib-resistant CML

50
Q

Erlotinib

A

Kinase inhibitor; reversibly competes for the binding of ATP to the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR tyrosine kinase (like gefitinib). For treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC refractive to chemotherapy. Most common ADEs are diarrhea and rash.

51
Q

Gefitinib

A

Kinase inhibitor; targets EGFR kinase. Originally approved for the treatment of NSCLC refractive to chemotherapy. Indicated only for cancer pts who currently or previously have benefited from treatment.

52
Q

Imatinib/Gleevec

A

Kinase inhibitor; selective inhibitor of BCR/ABL, c-kit, and PDGFR tyrosine kinases. Used to treat CML, GIST, and DFSP (dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans). Well tolerated, side effects generally limited to rash, periorbital edema, fluid retention, diarrhea, and myalgia

53
Q

Lapatinib/Tykerb

A

Kinase inhibitor; dual inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR protein kinases. For the treatment of patients w/advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2.

54
Q

Nilotinib

A

Kinase inhibitor. Inhibits imatinib-resistant BCR/ABL. Approved for imatinib-resistnat CML.

55
Q

Sorafenib

A

Kinase inhibitor. Dual inhibitor of the protein kinase Raf and of VEGFR protein-tyrosine kinases. For use in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and for unresectable HCC.

56
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Anti-androgen

57
Q

Flutamide

A

Anti-androgen

58
Q

Aminoglutethimide

A

Aromatase inhibitor

59
Q

Anastrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor

60
Q

Letrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor

61
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM/partial agonist of ER/impairs transcription of estrogen-dependent genes by binding to estrogen response elements (EREs)
Highly effective for postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer; also effective in preventing breast cancer in high-risk patients by 50%
A 10x lower affinity than estradiol for the ER

62
Q

Toremifene

63
Q

Goserelin & Leuprolide

A

GnRH Agonists. Targets testosterone-dependent prostate cancer growth. ADEs = initial symptomatic flair, hot flashes, impotence, gynecomastia

64
Q

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

A

For use as single agent or in combination with paclitaxel for metastatic HER2+ BC.
Recently approved for stomach cancer in combination with chemotherapy in pts with metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that expresses HER2.

65
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Most serious ADE of trastuzumab

66
Q

ADCC

A

Mechanism of action of trastuzumab

67
Q

Cetuximab

A

Used in combination with irinotecan for EGFR+ metastatic colorectal cancer
Binding prevents Kras activation

68
Q

Rituximab

A

Used for the treatment of CD20+ B cell NHL (and CLL)

69
Q

ADCC, complement

A

Mechanisms of action of rituximab

70
Q

Bevacizumab (Avastatin)

A

Binds VEGF; used in combination with 5-FU for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Appears to “normalize” tumor vasculature, which improves drug deliver to the tumor and may improve RT.

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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