Cancer Treatment Flashcards
(24 cards)
what are the goals of cancer tx?
potentially cure the px
prolong survival
relieve symptoms
what are the 3 types of systemic cancer tx?
cytotoxic chemotherapy
molecular target therapies
Biologic therapies
what is the diff betwen adjuvant and neoadjuvant?
adjuvant - given after surgery
neoadjuvant - given before surgery
what are acute complications of cancer tx?
myelosuppression
hair loss
nausea & vomiting
diarrhea
constipation
what are the common manifestations of myelosuppression?
thrombocytopenia
neutropenia
what is Nadir Neutrophil count?
lowest neutrophil count ff chemotherapy every 3-4 weeks around 10th day of tx
what is the duration of Nadir neutrophil count?
14th day and completed by 21st day
when do we compute for absolute neutrophil count?
if WBC is below normal range
what is the formula for absolute neutrophil count?
[(%neutros + %bands) x WBC]/100
what are common causes of bacterial and fungal infections in cancer px?
gram neg pathogens
S. aureus
Candida
Aspergillus
Mucor
what are the diff recombinant hematopoietic growth factors for tx of neutropenia in cancer px?
Recombinant G-CSF
GM-CSF
what is the main risk of thrombocytopenia <1003/uL?
hemorrhage
how do you manage thrombocytopenia?
platelet transfusion
Thrombopoiteitn mimetics (Romiplostim & Eltrombopag)
what are the sites involved in nausea and vomiting of cancer px durign chemo?
area postrema or chemoreceptor triggering zone
lateral reticular formation of the medulla: vomiting center
what is the only platinum analog classified as high risk agents while the rest are alkylating agents?
Cisplatin
what is the only monoclonal Ab clasified under moderate risk while others are minimal risk?
Alemtuzumab
what are the classes of antiemetic agents used?
5-HT3 antagonists
Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
cortiicosteroids
what is a new 2nd generation 5-Ht3 antagonist given to px having chemo for 2-3 days instead of short acting 5-HT3 antagonists?
Palonosetron
what premedication is given to low emetic risk category?
Dexamethasone
prevention of delayed emesis = none
what are chemotherapeutic agents that commonly causes constipation?
5-fluorouracil
Capecitabine
Irinoctecan
what chemotherapeutic agents causes hair loss (alopecia)?
anthracyclines (Doxorubicin)
what should be done to prevent alopecia in cancer px taking chemo?
scalp temp= <24C
Topical Minoxidil and a-tocopherol
what are chronic complications of cancer px taking chemo?
CV dysfunction
Pulmonary dysf
neurologic dysf
hepatic dysf
renal/bladder dysf
reproductive and endocrine dysf
oral complications
reynaud’s phenomenon
second malignancies
