cancer week Flashcards
(25 cards)
hyperplasia
increase in no of cells due to stimulus (will regress if stimulus removed)
low risk of neoplastic transformation
hypertrophy
increase in size of cell due to increase in energy demands
atrophy
loss of size/number
hormonal/mechanical stimulus
metaplasia
reversible change from one mature cell type to another
neoplasia
growth w/out stimulus
not always malignant
malignancy
local invasion
metastases
outside exposure epithelium
squamous epith
skin epithelium
kertatinising w/ adnexal structures
internal epithelium
non keratinising
mouth, oesoph, ear canal, vag, cervix, anus
carcinoma
epithelial malignancy
who gets carcinomas
older people - accumulation of environmental factors
rarely kids
older pts + brain lesions=
assume metastatic carcinoma until proven otherwise
characteristics of carcinoma
local growth
haematogenous and lymph spread
local lymph node involvement
spread patterns of carcinoma
lung and breast: bone, brain, adrenal, liver GI: liver Prostate: anywhere Testicular cancer: para-aorta Rectal: mesenteric vessels
mesenchymal cancer
sarcoma
sarcoma
mesenchymal cancer
red cells/platelets/granulocytes
myeloid
myeloid
RBCs/platelets/granulocytes
lymphoid cancer
b cells
t cells
melanoma
Neuroectoderm - skin
malignant
brain tumour
glioma
malignant
diet high in calcium/dairy products increases risk of cancer
false
decreases risk
prostatism
urinary hestitation
difficulty voidind
dribbling
biochem test for prostatic ca
PSA
prostate specific antigen
