cancers 0

Question 1

A malignancy that occurs in the parenchyma is usually ______, whereas a tumor that occurs in the stroma is usually ________

Answer 1

carcinoma

sarcoma

Question 2

What cells do undergo metaplasia and metastasize?

What cells do not?

Answer 2

Do: precursor stem cells

Do not: mature differentiated cells, heart cells and nerve cells

Question 3

What is a benign epithelial neoplasm that arises in glands or forms glandular like patterns

Answer 3

What is a benign epithelial neoplasm that has visible finer-like warty projections

Question 4

What is a benign epithelial neoplasm that arises in glands or forms glandular like patterns and FORMS LARGE CYTSTIC MASSES

Answer 4

Cystadenomas

Question 5

What is tumor that produces papillary patterns and protrudes into cystic spaces?

Answer 5

Papillary cystenadenomas

Question 6

What is a polyp?

Answer 6

a bengin OR malignant neoplasm that protrudes from mucosal surface => gastric or colonic lumen.

Question 7

What is are 5 exceptions to the rule that benign tumors end in oma?

Answer 7

Following are malignant:

1. melanoma: 
2, lymphomas 
3, mesothelioma 
4. Seninoma
5. gliomas

Question 8

a mesenchymal MALIGNANT tumor that is from blood forming cellls (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils) or hematopoeitc cells (primary lymphocytes of myeloid cells)

Answer 8

leukemias

Question 9

a mesenchymal MALIGNANT tumor that is from lymphocytes (B and T cells )

Answer 9

Lymphoma

Question 10

Carcinomas are derived from where

Answer 10

3 germ cell layers: mainly endoderm and ectoderm

Question 11

______ are a malignant tumor that is derived from mesenchyme

Answer 11

sarcomas

Question 12

What is the most common cancer in kids?

Answer 12

acute lymphocyte leukemia

Question 13

Most carcinomas affect what?

Answer 13

epithelium

Question 14

Cancer where tumor cells look like stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 14

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 15

What malignant tumors INVADE early, but rarely metastasize?

Answer 15

1. Gliomas

2. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Question 16

Adenocarcinomas are most common in what organs?

Answer 16

1. Lung adenocarcinoma
2. Prostate adenocarcinoma
3. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
4. Esophogeal adenocarcinoma
5. Colorectal adenocarcinoma
6. Gastric adenocarcarcinomas

Question 17

Most cervical cancers are what?

Answer 17

squamous cell cancers

Question 18

Most breast cancers are what?

Answer 18

invasive ductal carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)

Question 19

If a patient presents with thrombocytopenia (decrease in BCs), what cancer should we suspect?

Answer 19

Acute lymphocyte leukemia

Question 20

most common lung cancers

Answer 20

adenocarcinoma > squamous cell carcinoma >small cell carcinoma > large

Question 21

where do teratomas most often occur

Answer 21

ovary and testes

Question 22

What is a type of teratoma

What lines does it differentiate from?

Answer 22

Ovarian cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)

ectodermal

Question 23

What benign tumors do NOT have a capsule around them. which prevents invasion

Answer 23

hemangiomas

Question 24

What cancers are more likely to invade via carcinoma in situ

Answer 24

skin
breast
cervix

Question 25

What cancers usually metasttsize via direct seeding?

Answer 25

1. Ovarian carcinomas | 2. Mucus secreting appendecial carcinomas (pseudomyxomas peritonei)

Question 26

What is the most common pathway for the initial dissemination (metastasis) of carcinomas?

Answer 26

lymphatic spread

Question 27

What cancers typically metasize via blood?

Answer 27

Sarcomas but some carcinomas 1. renal cell (kidney carcinoma = venously 2. hepatocellular (liver) carcinoma = venously 3. thyroid and prostate

Question 28

Does anatomic location often explain how cancer spreads? Breast cancer: Bronchiogenic cancers: Neuroblastoma

Answer 28

breast cancers => bone bronchiogenic cancers => brain and adrenal glands Neuroblastomas => bone and liver

Question 29

DEVELOPED NATIONS (2014) What are the most common tumors in Men? Woman?

Answer 29

Men: prostate, lung and colon/rectum Women: breast, lung and colon/rectum

Question 30

DEVELOPING NATIONS (2014) What are the most common tumors in Men? Woman?

Answer 30

M: Lung, stomach and liver F: Breast, cervix and lung

Question 31

What is responsible for a large majority of cervical carcinoma increasing fraction of head and neck cancers?

Answer 31

HPV

Question 32

what infectious agents are associated with LUNG CARCINOMA (only)?

Answer 32

1. Berrylium (missle fules and space vehicles) 2. Chromium (metal alloys) 3. Radon and its decay

Question 33

What cancer is associated with cadmium (i.e., yellow pigments and phosphors; used in batteries, etc.)?

Answer 33

Prostate carcinoma

Question 34

What cancer is associated with vinyl chloride (i.e., refrigerant, vinyl polymers, plastic adhesives, etc.)?

Answer 34

hepatic angiosarcomas

Question 35

Nickel?

Answer 35

lung carcinoma | oropharyngeal carcinoma

Question 36

arsenic

Answer 36

lung and skin carcinoma

Question 37

Most CARCINOMAS occur when

Answer 37

after 55

Question 38

Tumors d/t chronic inflammation are usually what type?

Answer 38

CARCINOMAS, but can be [mesotheliomas] and lymphomas

Question 39

what BENIGN neoplasm is at risk to become malignant?

Answer 39

chronic villous adenoma

Question 40

Patiens who are immunodefieient are more at risk for what kinds of cancers?

Answer 40

Viral cancers

Question 41

Mutation in P450 loci => increase risk for what cancer?

Answer 41

lung cancer in smokers thus, sporadic cancers show tha tthey involve a inherited mutation

Question 42

How does one mainly acquire lung cancer?

Answer 42

ENVIRONMENTAL 85% of ppl with lung cancer smoked

Question 43

microcytic hypochromic anemia: most common site is where

Answer 43

large bowel

Question 44

usually kids do NOT do well with sarcomas; but they do do well with what?

Answer 44

fibrosarcomas

Question 45

PDGFB

Answer 45

astrocytoma and glioblastoma

Question 46

ERBB1

Answer 46

lund adenocarcinoma

Question 47

ERBB2

Answer 47

HER2 Breast adenocarcinoma

Question 48

most common benign tumor in breast

Answer 48

fibroadenoma

Question 49

Where are leiomyomas most common

Answer 49

uterus

Question 50

describe a melanoma

Answer 50

malignant darkly pigmented

Question 51

"large, irregular and ulcerative" thik what?

Answer 51

cancer

Question 52

blah blah blah "lyphmphatic spread" , think what?

Answer 52

carcinomas

Question 53

What is a intraductal carcinoma

Answer 53

a cancer that has NOT invaded

Question 54

Infiltrating carcinoma

Answer 54

cancer that HAS invaded

Question 55

leukoplakia

Answer 55

thickening of squamous in oral cavity, penis and vulva

Question 56

cervix

Answer 56

squamous cell carcinoma d/t HPV

Question 57

oral cavity

Answer 57

suqamout cell carcinoma d/t HPV

Question 58

head and neck

Answer 58

squamous cell carcinom d/t HPV

Question 59

vagina

Answer 59

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 60

penis

Answer 60

squamou cell carcinoma

Question 61

squamous cell cancer most common in

Answer 61

``` vagina penis oral cavity head and neck cervix ```

Question 62

aflalatoxin

Answer 62

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 63

testes

Answer 63

seninomas (germ cell cancer)

Question 64

Stomach + Hypylor can cause

Answer 64

lymphoma

Question 65

desmoplasia is common in what cancer

Answer 65

breast

Question 66

If you see small dark cells in the dermis of the biopsy, what are they d.t

Answer 66

CD8+

Question 67

What is the MAJOR responder to malignant cells?

Answer 67

CD8+

Question 68

does CIS have capacity for malignancy? what do we call it

Answer 68

no it is pre-neoplastic

Question 69

borderline means what?

Answer 69

uncertain malignant potential

Question 70

in a question, if you see the word "MASS", what is that telling us?

Answer 70

SOLID TUMOR do not pick leukemia or lymphoma

Question 71

In a question, if you see the word "keratinocytes" , what is it telling us?

Answer 71

SQUAMOUS CELL

Question 72

breast

Answer 72

invasive ductal carcinoma, a type of adenocarcinoma

Question 73

where do adenocarcinomas NOT occur?

Answer 73

testes; seninoma (germ cell)

Question 74

high WBC count, normal platelet count with some dysmorphic form what do we think?

Answer 74

leukemia platelets are normal bc they are derived from MEGAkaryocytes

Question 75

BM/LN

Answer 75

leukemias and lymphomas

Question 76

how can we differentiate from leukemia and bacterial infection in a question?

Answer 76

Leukemia: high WBC, normal platelet infection: high WBC and high platelet (d/t L shift)

Question 77

EBV often invades what cells to cause what?

Answer 77

B cells also has tropism for squamous cells hoghkines lymphoma

Question 78

in follicular lyphoma WBC: Predominant population of:

Answer 78

high lymphocytes and platelets

Question 79

if we see expanded BM/lymphoid organs/ this means?

Answer 79

B cell typr of cancer

Question 80

What malignancy is assx with salient LOF protein and high VHL levels

Answer 80

renal cell carcinoma (medulla

Question 81

pelvic of the kidney

Answer 81

transitional cell carcinom

Question 82

medulla and cortex of kidney

Answer 82

renal cell carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)