Cancers of GI tract

Question 1

What is oesophageal adenocarcinoma?

Answer 1

Most common in developed world

Causes:
GORD
Barrets oesophagus
Smoking
Drinking
Obesity

Location is lower 1/3 of oesophagus

Presents with:
vomiting
weightloss
can’t eat food or swallow
Hoarse voice

Question 2

What is oesophageal squamous carcinoma?

Answer 2

Most common in developing world

Causes:
Smoking
Alcohol
Obesity
Hot drinks
Plummer vision syndrome

Location is upper 2/3 of oesophagus

Presents with:
vomiting
weightloss
can’t eat food or swallow
Hoarse voice

Question 3

What is gastric intestinal (differentiated) cancer?

Answer 3

80% most common gastric cancer

Cause:
Male
H.pylori
Chronic gastritis
Atrophic gastritis
Older age

It is a glandular cancer

Appear in antrum + lesser curvature

Managment:
N: Nutritional support
C: Chemotherapy
S: Surgical ressection

Investigation:
Gastroscopy
Endoscopy
CT/MRI

Question 4

What is gastric diffuse (undifferentiated) cancer?

Answer 4

20% Most common gastric cancer

Cause:
Blood type A
Genetic
Younger age

Signet ring cell cancer

Appear anywhere in stomach scattered.

Managment:
N: Nutritional support
C: Chemotherapy
S: Surgical ressection

Investigation:
Gastroscopy
Endoscopy
CT/MRI

Question 5

What are risk factors of colon cancer?

Answer 5

IBD
Family history
Bad diet
Obesity
Lack of exercise
Smoking
Alcohol

Question 6

Diagnosis of Colon cancer?

Answer 6

Faecal occult blood test
Colonscopy + biopsy