Canine Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
What drug shouldn’t you use to tx aggression and why?
A
Benzodiazepines disinhibit fear-motivated aggression.
2
Q
Breeds predisposed to compulsive disorders (4).
A
Doberman
Bull terrier
GSD
Mini schnauzer
3
Q
When tx compulsive disorders, how long to see response to SSRI’s?
A
8 weeks
4
Q
Which signalment will most likely show submissive inappropriate urination?
A
yougn female dogs
5
Q
Boxer with syncope and sudden death
A
Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy
6
Q
How do you diagnose ARVC (arrythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy)?
What is considered disease?
When should you treat?
What do you tx with?
A
24-Holter monitor
Disease = >100 VPCs/day OR runs of 2-3 VPCs OR ventricular tachy
Tx >1000 VPCs/day OR runs of v-tachy OR evidence of R on T
Sotalol or Mexiletine + Atenolol
7
Q
What is pulsus alternans?
What arrythmia is it assc with?
A
Two quick normal pulses in a row followed by a pulse deficit
Assc w/ atrial fibrillation
8
Q
Irregularly irregular rhythm with no p-waves
A
atrial fibrilation
9
Q
When should you tx VPCs (4)?
A
HR >180
Pulse deficits
clinical signs
VPC runs >20s
10
Q
Sequela to VPCs (3)?
A
Hypotension
Myocardial ischemia
CHF
11
Q
Wide and bizarre QRS on ECG is assc with
A
VPC
12
Q
How do you tx VPCs in dogs and cats?
A
Dogs - Lidocaine; once controlled procainamide, quinidine, propanolol
Cats - propanolol only
13
Q
How do you tx ventricular tachycardia?
A
Lidocaine.
If no response, then Procainamide or Quinidine
14
Q
Is ventricular tachycardia a shockable rhythm?
A
Yes
15
Q
Absent P-waves, oscillation of baseline, lack of QRS
A
Ventricular fibrillation
16
Q
What does the ECG of v-fib look like?
A
Absent P-waves
Oscillation of baseline
Lack of QRS
17
Q
Is ventricular fibrillation a shockable rhythm?
A
Yes
18
Q
Is ventricular asystole a shockable rhythm?
A
No
19
Q
What must you do before shocking a patient you believe is in v-fib?
A
Check on ECG that it’s NOT VENTRICULAR ASYSTOLE.
20
Q
What is the MST of a Doberman with DCM?
A
2 mos after diagnosis
21
Q
What are 2 breeds assc w/ DCM?
A
Doberman
Cocker Spaniel
22
Q
What causes DCM in cocker spaniels?
A
Taurine deficiency
23
Q
A big round heart on CXR suggests what?
A
DCM
24
Q
How do you tx DCM (3)?
A
Taurine supplementation
L-carnitine
Omega 3 FAs
25
How do you tx ventricular asystole?
Low does Epi and/or Vasopressin
26
Cardiopulmonary arrest is also known as
ventricular asystole
27
#1 congenital heart abn?
PDA
28
Puppy at first vaccine visit with continuous murmur
PDA
29
Murmur heard in PDA
"washing machine" murmur
30
"Washing machine" murmur
"Water hammer" arterial pulse
PDA
31
CXR - over-vascularization of lungs, ductus bump
PDA
32
PDA CXR
over-vascularization of lungs
ductus bump
33
Tx for PDA
ductus ligation IF <2 yo
34
#2 congenital heart abn in dogs?
pulmonic stenosis
35
Sudden death of a beagle with RV hypertrophy
Pulmonic stenosis
36
Primary strutural change seen with pulmonic stenosis?
RV concentric hypertrophy
37
L basilar systolic murmur between 2-4 ICS
pulmonic stenosis
38
CXR - reverse "D"
pulmonic stenosis
39
pulmonic stenosis murmur
L basilar systolic murmur between 2-4 ICS
40
Pulmonic stenosis CXR
reverse "D"
41
When should you tx pulmonic stenosis?
Only if resulting cardiac changes or blood pressure
42
Tx for pulmonic stenosis
Diuresis
Salt restriction
Exercise restriction
43
What condition is a "patch graft" surgery for?
pulmmonic stenosis
44
Which breeds typically develop mitral valve dysplasia?
GSD, Great Danes
45
Newfoundland with ascites, syncope, and ejection-type systolic murmur (crescendo-decrescendo).
subaortic stenosis
46
What is a risk of subaortic stenosis?
infective endocarditis
47
Murmur for subaortic stenosis?
ejection-type systolic murmur
crescendo-decrescendo
L 2-5 ICS or at thoracic inlet
48
Tetralogy of Fallot
RV hypetrophy
VSD
overriding aorta
pulmonic stenosis
49
What CBC change is seen with tetralogy of fallot?
polycythemia d/t hypoxemia
50
Which breed is assc w/ Tetralogy of Fallot?
Keeshond
51
What is the definitive Dx for CHF?
Echo
52
CHF has a juvenile onset in which breed?
Portuguese Water Dog
53
Breeds assc w/ CHF (3)
Doberman
Great Dane
Boxer
54
Tx for CHF: acute vs chronic
FOPS: Furosemide, O2, Pimobendan, Sedation
Diuretics
Dilators
Diet - low sodium
55
What does Quinidine do?
reduce HR, neg chronotrope
56
Name 2 beta-blockers
Atenolol, Propanolol
57
What class are Atenolol and Propanolol? What do they do?
beta-blockers
reduce HR
58
MOA of Diltiazem?
Ca-channel blocker, reduces HR
59
MOA of Dobutamine?
beta-1 adrenergic agonist
strength contraction
60
Recently adopted dog w/ interittent cough containing foam and blood.
CXR shows lung patterns, RV enlargement, and enlarged pulmonary arteries.
Dirofilaria immitis
61
What is caval syndrome?
Cause?
c/s?
Tx?
d/t retrograde migration of Dirofilaria into vena cava
Shock, collapse, hemoglobinuria, respiratory distress, ascites.
FATAL w/o surgical extraction of worms
62
When testing for HW, a positive Ag SNAP means what?
Diagnostic for adult females
63
CXR for HW
Enlarged pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary infiltrates
Hilar lymphadenopathy
RV enlargement
63
3 diagnostics for HW?
Ag SNAP - adult females
Microfilaria test
CXR
64
CBC/chem changes for HW?
Anemia
thrombocytopenia
eosinophilia
Hyperglobulinemia
Hypoalbuminemia
65
Tx for HW in cats? Why?
Only PREDNISONE.
Immiticide/adulticide may cause thromoembolism.
66
Tx HW in dogs?
Doxycycline - reduce Wolbachia
Ivermectin
Melarsomine
Prednisone
Strict exercise restriction
67
What looks similar to Dirofilaria immitis but is non-pathogenic?
Dipetalonema reconditum
68
Pulmonary hypertension leads to what heart change?
RV hypertrophy
69
What is the Cushing's reflex?
Hypertension with bradycardia to maintain intracranial perfusion
70
What sBP causes organ damage?
sBP >160 sustained
71
Drug to Tx systemic hypertension?
Amlodipine
72
What is Amlodipine used to tx?
hypertension
73
Which drug is contraindicated in pericardial effusion?
Furosemide - decreases R preload
74
Nutmeg liver on Nx is assc with
hepatic venous congestion
75
How do you diagnose pericardial effusion?
Pericardiocentesis
Fluid analysis
76
What is pulsus paradoxus? Which disease is it assc with?
Weak on inspiration, strong on expiration
Pericardial effusion
77
What is electrical alternans? Which disease is it assc with?
QRS varying in amplitude
Pericardial effusion
78
2 ECG abn seen with pericardial effusion?
Pulsus paradoxus
Electrical alternans
79
A transudate pericardial effusion is assc with which blood abn?
hypoalbuminemiaI
80
#1 cause of CHF in dogs?
MMVD
81
Murmur w/ MMVD?
Soft systolic progressing to holo plateau
L 506 ICS
82
"Jet lesions" are assc w/ what cardiac dz?
MMVD, endocardiosis
83
Congenital dysplastic MMVD is assc with which 2 breeds?
GSD, Great Dane
84
Which drug is contraindicated in tx MMVD?
Digoxin
85
Tricuspid valve insufficiency is usually d/t what disease?
MMVD/endocardiosis
86
Murmur assc w/ TV insufficiency?
Holosystolic R 4th ICS
87
R Holosystolic murmur 4th ICS
Tall P-wave
RA enlargement, hepatomegaly, ascites
Tricuspid valve insufficiency
88
Tx tricuspid valve insufficiency
Diuretics
Dilators
Diet
rest
Digoxin
89
Above what BG will you see glucosuria in dog/cat?
dog > 180
cat > 200
90
C/s of DM?
PU/PD
PP + wt loss
91
Chemistry changes w/ DM?
Hyperglycemia >300
Metabolic acidosis
Elv liver enzymes
Hypercholesterolemia
92
Diet change for dog with DM?
Increase dietary fiber
93
What disease is hepatocutaneous syndrome assc with?
Diabetes mellitus, FATAL
94
How does DM differ in c/s from:
EPI
Cushing's
Hypothyroid
EPI - PP + wt loss, no PU/PD
Cushing's - PU/PD, PP w/o wt loss
Hypothyroid - wt gain w/o PP
95
Dog in DKA - first tx?
IVF - Correct acidosis, e'lytes, hyperosmolality
96
DKA - concurrent diseases (6)
Pancreatitis
UTI
Bacterial infections
Hyperthyroid
Cardiac dz
Cushing's
97
BG in DKA?
>500 g/dl
98
Dx Cushing's
- Screen: LDDST
- Differentiate: HDDST
99
CBC/chem abn in Cushing's
Stress leukogram
Thrombocytosis
EXTREMELY ELV ALP
Hypercholesterolemia
100
When Dx Cushing's, a normal urine cortisol:creatinine means what?
Normal r/o Cushing's
101
Tx Cushing's
Trilostane - PDH
Lysodren
Adrenalectomy
102
PU/PD, PP, panting
Truncal alopecia, pot belly, calcinosis cutis
Cushing's
103
7 yo Standard Poodle that is vomiting, weak, dehydrated, and severely bradycardic.
Addison's
104
What should you do first to Tx Addison's?
Start aggressive IVF to restore vascular volume
Run chemistry panel
105
3 yo FS Lab with vomiting and ADR for 3 days. She's depressed, dehydrated, and hypoperfused.
She's initially responsive to IVF and Abx.
Bloodwork shows azotemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia.
Addison's
106
What are the 4 tip-offs of Addisons?
Bradycardia
Severe dehydration
Low Na:K
NO stress leukogram
107
Why does Addison's cause hypovolemic shock?
Low aldosterone causes hyponatremia, hyperkalemia --> PU/PD --> dehydration --> shock
108
What is medullary washout?
Chronic severe PU/PD results in severe depletion of solutes, thus imparing reabs of Na, Cl, and urea.
Therefore, no urine concentration will occur despite endogenous antidiuretics and intact receptors.
109
How to Dx Addison's?
ACTH stim test
LOW resting cortisol +
Blunted response to Cosynotropin
110
ECG - hyperkalemia
Bradycardia
Tall T-wave
Absent P-wave
prolonged P-R
wide QRS
111
Older Golden retriever that's lethargic, has recently gained weight but has a normal appetite. She has symmetric alopecia, neuro signs, and a tragic face.
Hypothyroidism
112
4 yo Doberman with symmetric alopecia, lethargy, and gaining weight but normal appetite.
Bloodwork shows nnn anemia and hypercholesterolemia.
Hypothyroidism
113
Bloodwork abn with Hypothyroidism
nnn anemia
hyperlipidemia
hypercholesterolemia
114
What is the primary cause of hypothyroidism?
lymphocytic thyroiditis
115
What is myxedema coma?
Tragic face = droopy eyes, thickened facial skin
Coma, hypothermia, bradycardia
116
How to Dx Hypothyroidism?
freeT4 by ED - confirms, r/o euthyroid
TSH stim - gold standard but expensive
117
How to tx Hypothyroid?
Levothyroxin
118
Bloodwork abn with Coronavirus?
Anemia
Neutrophilia
lymphopenia
elv ALP, elv ALT
119
What is tertiary dentin?
Get from aggressive chewing, stains easily, turns brown
120
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