Canine anatomy

Question 1

The peripheral nervous system arises from which spinal branches?

Answer 1

T13 + L1-L3

Question 2

Which 3 branches arise from the ventral branch of T13-L3?

Answer 2

• Medial branch
• Lateral branch
• Lateral cutaneous branch

Question 3

The ventral branch of T13-L3 perforates what?

Answer 3

Transverse abdominis

Question 4

Which 3 muscles are supplied by the branches of the ventral branch of T13-L3?

Answer 4

Internal abdominal oblique
External abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominis

Question 5

Describe the key features of the sympathetic NS

Answer 5

• Fight or flight
• Suspend digestion
• Long pre and post ganglionics

Question 6

Describe the key features of the parasympathetic NS

Answer 6

• Rest and digest
• Homeostasis
• Promotes digestion
• Short post-ganglionics

Question 7

What is the major nerve of the sympathetic system?

What is the minor nerve?

Answer 7

Major splanchnic nerve

Minor splanchnic nerve

Question 8

Where do they pre-ganglionics of the major/minor splanchnic nerves synapse? Where do the post ganglionics run to?

Answer 8

In caeliaco-mesenteric ganglia

Post-ganglionics travel with arteries to abdominal organs

Question 9

Where do the different splanchnic nerves of the sympathetic NS arise?

Answer 9

Sympathetic trunk

Question 10

Where do they pre-ganglionics of the Lumbar splanchnic nerves synapse? Where do the post ganglionics run to?

Answer 10

• Synapse in the caudal mesenteric ganglion

- Post ganglioics travel in hypogastric nerves to pelvic organs

Question 11

What are the 2 main nerves of the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 11

Vagus

Pelvic

Question 12

Which structures are supplied by the vagus nerve?

Answer 12

• Trachea and oesophagus
• Lungs
• Heart and aorta
• GI tract as far as the end of the transverse colon

Question 13

The dorsal vagal trunk supplies…?

Answer 13

The visceral surface of the stomach/pylorus

Question 14

The ventral vagal trunk supplies…?

Answer 14

Parietal surface of stomach/pylorus/liver

Question 15

From which spinal branches does the pelvic nerve arise?

Answer 15

S1-S3

Question 16

The pelvic nerve supplies which structures?

Answer 16

Descending colon and pelvic viscera

Question 17

Which arteries supply the following areas of the abdominal wall:

• cranio-dorso-lateral
• caudo-dorsal-lateral
• cranio-ventral lateral

Answer 17

• Cranial abdominal
• Deep external iliac
• Cranial epigastric

Question 18

What is the importance of the cranial superficial epigastric artery?

Answer 18

• Supplies the cranio-ventral abdominal wall

- Also supplies the mammary gland in tissues

Question 19

What are the 3 major branches off the aorta, what does each supply?

Answer 19

Caeliac = cranial abdominal organs
Cranial mesenteric = mid-abdominal organs
Caudal mesenteric = caudal abdominal organs

Question 20

Which 3 arteries arise from the Caeliac artery?

Answer 20

• Hepatic artery
• Left gastric artery
• Splenic artery

Question 21

Which 3 arteries arise from the Hepatic artery?

Answer 21

• Hepatic branches supplying the liver and gall bladder
• Right gastric artery
• Gastro-duodenal artery

Question 22

Describe the 4 arteries that innervate the stomach

Answer 22

• Right and left gastric arteries supply the right and left lesser curvatures
• Right and left gastro-epiploic arteries supplies the right and left greater curvatures

Question 23

What the the 3 main branches of the Cranial mesenteric artery?

Answer 23

• Ileo-colic artery
• Caudal pancreatico-duodenal artery
• Jejunal arteries

Question 24

Give the branches of the ileo-colic which supply the following:

• Transverse colon
• Right colic flexure
• Ascending colon
• Caecum
• Ileum

Answer 24

• Middle colic artery
• Right colic artery
• Colic branch of ileo-colic artery
• Caecal branch of ileo-colic
• Mesenteric ileal artery

Question 25

What are the 2 branches of the caudal mesenteric artery and what does each supply?

Answer 25

- Left colic artery supplying the left colic flexure and descending colon - Cranial rectal artery supplying the cranial rectum

Question 26

What is an anastomoses?

Answer 26

Safety mechanism (if an artery gets occluded the organ will be able to receive blood via a different route)

Question 27

All GI organs and the spleen drain via which vein?

Answer 27

Hepatic portal vein

Question 28

Non-GI organs drain where?

Answer 28

Directly into the caudal vena cava

Question 29

Which main branch off the aorta does not have a corresponding vein?

Answer 29

Celiac

Question 30

Describe how a ruminants stomach is supplied by the different arteries?

Answer 30

- Rumino-reticulum / greater curvature of abomasum = Left / right gastro-epiploic - Omasum / lesser curvature of abomasum = Left / right gastric

Question 31

Which arteries supply the large caecum in horses and pigs?

Answer 31

Medial and lateral caecal arteries

Question 32

Where does the colic branch of the ileo colic artery supply in: - horses - pigs/ruminants

Answer 32

- Ventral colon | - Centripetal coils

Question 33

Where does the right colic artery supply in: - horses - pigs/ruminants

Answer 33

- dorsal colon | - centrifugal coils