Canine Behavior Flashcards
(206 cards)
Natural selection has modified behavior skills to best match the _____.
Environment
Since _____ can only change if the genotypes allow, both anatomical and behavior changes must have a genetic component.
Phenotypes
Behavior is adaptive. Behavior is aimed at the organism’s fitness. It has a _____, not a purpose, to increase chances of survival and reproduction.
Function
Genetic _____ occurs when individuals from two or more previously separated populations begin interbreeding.
Admixture
Wolves and dogs separated due to _____, mutations, and selective breeding.
Domestication
Behavior originates by _____.
Chance
If a behavior increases their fitness value in the struggle for survival, it tends to _____.
Persist
Pacifying behavior has a double function - it pacifies the opponent and also the _____.
Pacifier
_____ is a joint action between two or more individuals to achieve a common goal. It can also refer to prosocial behavior by which an animal acts to benefit another.
Cooperation
Social behavior and cooperation are necessities in some species as it increases their _____, improves survival and reproductive rates.
Fitness
_____ pair bonding. The male leads hunts at locations several kilometers away from the den where the female remains to tend to the cubs. Later on the male returns with food (pieces of prey and regurgitated food) to the den.
Monogamous
Unlike wolves, free-ranging dogs have a primarily promiscuous (many short lived mating sessions) mating system. They rarely form _____ pairs, and other than the mothers, rarely feed pups.
Monogamous
_____ behavior is all behavior that preempts mating. This is probably a function of ensuring the male is a suitable sperm donor and he is capable of taking care of offspring. This is called sexual selection.
Courtship
Females are very _____ on their male counterparts. They invest a lot of energy into conception, parturition (egg laying), and post-natal maternal behavior. Some courtship behavior may go on for hours.
Selective
In wolves, _____ bonds among pack members have several functions. Cooperation in hunting large prey, territorial defense, and breeding.
Social
Domestication seems to have _____ cooperative tendencies in dogs, mainly because cooperative breeding and hunting is significantly lower in dogs compared to wolves.
Reduced
The apparent _____ in cooperative breeding is not necessarily a maladaptive trait. The availability of food allows dog puppies to forage independently at a much younger age than wolf cubs.
Reduction
According to one study, in contrast to wolves, dogs have difficulties in _____ even in a very basic manner of simply doing things together. Is this an effect of domestication and selective breeding or adaptation to living in urban areas?
Cooperating
The parental behavior of canids entails teaching the cubs/pups to survive, including learning to be _____.
Social
Mothers towards pups are clear and firm, but do not _____ the pups.
Harm
Wolf fathers play a role in educating cubs when they start to leave the _____.
Den
In domesticated dogs, the canine father’s contributions are _____ or non-existent because we choose so.
Limited
Pups first learn social skills in their den (or maternity box in homes). The survival strategy is learning to be _____ and social when one or the other is the most adequate.
Independent
Siblings are the first of many things: social partners, competitors, and playmates. They experience their first fights, victories, and defeats. They learn to _____, be social, and survive.
Compromise