Canine/Feline - Insects and Protozoa - Exam 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
1
Q
Insects - characteristics?
A
Arthropods –> Include: Flies, lice, fleas, more
- 3 pairs of legs
- body divided into head, distinct thorax, and abdomen
- single pair of antennae
2
Q
Life cycle of a fly
A
E-L-P-A
egg, larvae (instar), puparium, adult
3
Q
Cuterebra spp
A
- Dipera - fly
- rodent/rabbit bot fly, new world skin bot flies
- rabbit/rodent - dog, cat, squirrel, chipmunk
- adults are large, stout, do not feed, vestigial mouthpart
- subQ connective tissue of C/D in Aug-Oct
- larvae can be in nasal and oral regions –> brain
- fibrotic cyst in subQ, infarction and ischemic encephalopathy in felines
- lump in neck or legs, fur consistently wet, hole dripping clear fluid
- color and spines of 3rd larval stage - remove with forceps, tissue will be susceptible for bacterial infection
- wound heals slowly - secondary infection or leakage of Cuterebra antigens
- MCL heartworm prevention, imidacloprid and fipronil - not approved
4
Q
Culicidae
A
- mosquito
- family has 3450 species from genera Aedes, Anopheles, Culex
- 1 pair of wings and 1 pair of halteres
- legs are long, thin
- complex mouthpart forms long proboscis which projects forward into a thin tube
- antennae as long as proboscis
- palps may be short or long
- transmit diseases and pathogens
- domestic animals: Rift Valley fever, equine ecephalitis, heartworm, filarial nematodes, biting stress
- humans: malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, dengue, encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, biting stress
5
Q
Trichodectes canis
A
- dog biting louse/canine chewing louse
- ALL lice are host specific –> canine
- adult: wingless, 1.9mm, head broad/er than thorax, yellowish biting mouthparts
- eggs/nits are operculate/elongated, whitish
- egg–>adult within 1 month, eggs–>nymphs–>3 molts–>adult
- hair, skin, edge of ear
- vector is Diphylidium caninum, heavy infestations
- pruritus, loss of hair, anemia, restless and consistently scratch
- springer and cocker spaniels, afghans are predisposed
- direct contact transmission
- carbaryl containing shampoo, spray or dip.
6
Q
Linognathus setosus
A
- dog sucking louse
- A- wingless, 3-5 mm, dorsoventrally flat, head narrow to thorax, sucking mouthparts
- LC- females attach eggs ‘nits’ to hair, 3 molts - egg, nymph, nymph, nymph, adult (ENNNA) - 2-4 wks
- require host to complete LC - N-A can live off host for a few hours
- skin
- anemia w heavy infestation
- skin damage and loss of condition
- direct contact with brushes, combs, blankets
- insecticides - carbaryl shampoo, spray, dip
7
Q
Ctenocephalides canis/felis
A
- Dog/cat flea
- A- brown, wingless 3 mm long, laterally compressed body, long legs
- L - worm like, 5 mm, body segmented, chewing mouthparts
- E - white, oval 0.5mm
- LC - 1-2 yrs. Adults are parasitic, eggs laid on host –> environment –> 3 larval –> pupa –> adult
- skin. back, ventral abd, inner thighs
- dermatitis, pruritus, alopecia, anemia
- fleas, flea feces, blood on host and in bedding
8
Q
Reduiidae - Assassin/kissing bugs
Cimicidae - bed bugs
A
- animals and humans
- R is painful, pierce and suck blood, allergic rxn at site of bite
- C painless bite, pierce and suck blood, no disease trans, allergic rxn at site of bite
- C - 5-7mm and wingless and R - 18mm with 2 pairs of wings
- skin
- R transmit Trypanosaoma cruzi, cause of Chagas’ disease
- Nymph and A are bloodsuckers
- Txt - env must be unsuitable for survival
9
Q
Arachbida –> Acari –> Ixodidae
A
Ticks!
LC- depends on species of tick, env conditions, suitable hosts
Effects - suck blood, lesions from mouthparts –> other infections, transmit disease
10
Q
Ioxdes spp
A
- Black legged tick/deer tick,
- Mammals, birds, humans
- A unfed is 4mm, fed female 10mm
- 8 legs, long palps. 2x length of basis capituli
- LC - E–>larva–>nymph (3 stages/molts/hosts) –> young adult attaches to final host (2-4 years)
- skin - axilla, inguinal region, face, ears
- Paralysis, local skin rxns, trans Lyme disease and Ehrlichia
11
Q
Dermacentor spp
A
American dog tick, Rocky Mountain wood tick
- L&N - small rodent, A - dog, human, cattle, horse
- A - 6mm unfed, fed female 15mm, short palps, rectangular basis capituli
- 3 host LC
- skin around head and neck
- transmits Rock Mountain Spotted Fever in dogs and humans - from Rickettsia rickettsi - tularemia - Babesia - tick paralysis in dogs, cats, cattle
12
Q
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
A
Brown dog tick, kennel tick
- dog/cat/human
- unfed 5mm, fed f 12mm, short palps, basis cap - hexagonal
- three host tick - adapted to living indoors
- E–>A is 2 months, unfed a can survive 1+ yrs
- skin - between toes and ears, L & N - back of neck
- transmit Ehrlichia canis & Babesia canis.
- monthly topicals - must kill 90% within 48 hours, synthetic pyrethroids.
13
Q
Acari (mites)
A
- <1mm long, bodies are scaled, spined, setae (hairs), legs with claws and suckers
- burrow into host epidermis (sarcoptes, notoedres)
- non burrowing on skin surface (psoroptes, cheyletiella, chorioptes)
- restricted to an area of body (otodectes)
14
Q
Sarcoptes scabiei
A
- Sarcoptic mange mite, itch mite, scabies mite.
- All domestic animals and humans. Each has its own strain - host spec.
- Notoedres cati around head/ears in cats
- round, 500um, short legs w 2 anterior, female w suckers on long unsegmented stalks 1 and 2 (male on 1, 2, 4)
- F burrow and lay eggs in tunnels, hatch 3-5 days, larvae crawl on skin, “molting pockets,” nymphs & adults develop
- PPP is 17-21d
- skin (upper layers of epidermis)
- erythema, scale, crust formation
- hairless areas, lateral elbow and pinna, follicular papules, excoriations (scratch/abrasion of skin), pruritus
- skin scrape (scrape edges of abrasions as they migrate from center)
- MCLs, SubQ ivermectin
15
Q
Demodex canis/cati
A
- demodectic mang mite/follicle mite
- dogs/cats - c is rare
- long tapering body, 400um, 4 prs anterior stumpy legs
- F lay eggs in hair follicles, larvae and lymph at mouth of follicle, E –> A is 2-4 weeks, F to pup by direct contact 2-3d post partum
- hair follicle and sebaceous gland
- erthema and alopecia around eyes, mouth, bony projections of extremities. skin dry, coarse, erythematous (red mange) if hair loss expanses. Concomitant staphylococcal pyoderma, pustules, ooze
- deep skin scrape (but they are normal so tough to dx)
- rotenon ointment or benzyl benzoat daily, Amitraz
16
Q
Cheyletiella yasguri
A
- walking dandruff
- dogs, cats, rabbits
- waist, long legs, 500 um
- skin/fur
- live on skin, hair, and tunnel in epidermis, feed on debris, eggs on hair, direct contact, LC is 2 weeks
- move on skin
- scurf or dandruff
- topical permethrin, fipronil, amitraz
17
Q
Otodectes cynotis
A
- ear mite
- d, c, ferret, fox, humans
- 500um, long legs, F suckers on unseg stalks (1,2,4) is rudimentary, M suckser (1,2,3,4)
- LC - A is superficial, 90 eggs, E, L, N to A is 2-3 wk, feed on epidermal debris and tissue fluids, direct contact
- C - dry, waxy, parchmentlike in sheets w # of mites, otitis externa
- frequent shaking of the head
- behavioral changes, copious production of dark cerumen (wax) = otodectic otitis and exudate in canal; mites in auroscope, exudate
- ivermectin otic suspensions, milbemycine oxime otic solution, selamectin, roenone, pyrethrin
18
Q
Giardia intestinalis
A
- D, c, cattle, sheep, goat, H
- trophozoites 21um long, teardrop, 2 nuclei, 8 flagella; cysts 12 um long, ovoid, 4 nuclei
- cysts are infective form
- adhere to microvilli of epithelial cells of SI, rep asexually or budding –> trophozoite; cysts pass in feces and can survive 2-4 wks
- PPP is 1-2 wks
- SI - duodenum
- asymptomatic, troph –> acute focal inflamm
- acute/chronic diarrhea
- troph and cysts in fecal smear, fecal float w zinc sulphate
- no approve tx in USA, fenbendazole is approved in D in Europe. Prevent fecal contam of water
- reinfection of cysts can occur, treat 5-15d
19
Q
Trypanosoma cruzi
A
- Chagas’ disease
- D, c, h - d and c are reservoir host, vector is required
- trypomastigote is elongate, spindle/leaf like 20 um, N midlength, posterior end is pointed, single flagellum near posterior end and close to kinetoplast and terminates as free flagellum at anterior tip
- triatomine (vector that is reduviid bugs) takes blood meal, passes tryptomastigote (infective) in feces. Enter host via oral, nasal, conjunctival mucosae
- Cardiac and smooth muscle, blood
- Amastigotes cause pathology in cardiac muscle, chagas’ in humans and dogs. pups and kittens most susesptible.
- acute and chronic cardiac disease, pale mucous mems, lethargy, ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, tachyarryhthmia, lymphadenopathy, neurology signs
- trypomastigote in blood smear
- insecticides
20
Q
Cystoisospora canis/felis (fivolta)
A
- coccidia
- Dogs/cats - Rodents are paratenic
- Merozoites give rise to M/F gameteocytes; F are macrogametocytes (1 large nucleus), M undergo mitosis to form microgametes (flagellated, 1 nucleus), mate. Cyst walla forms, zygote, oocyte that ruptures, oocyte passes in feces.
- PPP 4-11d
- SI
- SI cells detroyed, distruption of villous architecture and enteritis
- Diarrhea is severe, profuse, bloody
- Fecal float
- antiprotozoal remedies and sanitary environment
21
Q
Toxoplasma gondii
A
- DH - Cat/felids, IH - warmblooded, humans, dogs, livestock
- oocysts are 12 um
- tissue cysts in IH tissue
- Intestinal and extraintestinal tissues in both hosts
- acute toxoplasmosis in cats, pneumonia
- oocysts in serological tests
- no approved treatment. Cats treated with nonsulfonamides and sulfonamides
22
Q
Sarcocystis spp
A
-FH - D, C, H; IH - cattle, herb, omn, birds
-oocyst 18um
-ingestion of a sarcocyst (infective) w bradyzoites in muscles of IH
-IH ingests sporulated oocyst (infective)
-OOCYSTS sporulate inside in FH before passing in feces
-
-FH - GIT, IH - muscle
-FH - no signs, IH - fatal or abortion (schizogony)
-Sporocyst in FH, Bradyzoites in IH
-Cook the damn meat!
23
Q
Hepatozoon spp
A
- FH - dog; vector - amblyo
- Indirect - dog eat tick, schizonts in tissue, wind up in WBC
- Infect - monocyte and neutrophil
- Path - Neutrophillic and leukocytosis
- Signs - bone dx, hypertrophic osteopathy/ Joint pain, myositis, periosteal bone proliferation
- Dx - parasite in peripheral blood, muscle biopsy, necrop
- No tx - relapse is tick control
24
Q
Bebesia canis
A
FH - dog; Vector - Rhipicephalus sanguineus
- 5um long trophozoites, round, ovoid, elongates, amoeboid, pyriform, club shaped
- Indirect - trophozoite injection - ring stage - amoebiod - binarry fission - pyriform bodies - cruciform bodies
- Infect RBCs
- Path - RBC destruction
- Signs - depression, anorexia, anemia, splenomegaly
- Dx - Trophozoites in peripheral blood smear - Giemsa stain
- Tx - Antiprotozoal, tick control
25
Theileria (Cytauxzoon) spp
FH - cat; Vector - dermacentor
- 1-2um in RBC
- Egg - 75um, 1 per cell (sometimes 4)
- Indirect - by tick
- Infect blood
- Path - Rapid fatal dx, 9-15 post infection
- Signs - pyrexia (high body temp), anemia, icterus (jaundice), dehydration, death
- Dx - blood smear - Wright/Giemsa
- Tx - none - Antiprotozoal
