Canine Forelimb AOI

Question 1

Serratus ventralis ( cervical and thoracis)

Answer 1

O: cervical vertebrae and ribs
I: serrated face of the scapula
Action: support trunk and depress the shoulder

Question 2

Brachiocephalicus (cleidocephalicus)

Answer 2

O: clavicular intersection
I: middorsal raphe
Action: advance limb, extend shoulder, turn neck and head laterally, draw neck ventrally

Question 3

Brachiocephalicus (cleidobrachialis)

Answer 3

O: clavicular intersection
I: craniodistal humerus
Action: advance limb, extend shoulder, turn neck and head laterally, draw neck ventrally

Question 4

Trapezius

Answer 4

O: middorsal raphe
I: scapular spine
Action: abduct forelimb

Question 5

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 5

O: Thoracolumbar fascia
I: teres major tuberosity and tendon
Action: retract limb (digging motion) and flex the shoulder

Question 6

Omotransversarius

Answer 6

O: transverse process of the atlas (C1)
I: spine of the scapula
Action: advance the limb and flex the neck laterally

Question 7

Rhomboideus

Answer 7

O: nuchal crest of the occipital bone, middorsal raphe, vertebrae T1-T7:
I: dorsal scapula
Action: elevate limb

Question 8

Sternocephalicus

Answer 8

O: The first sternebra or manubrium.
I: The mastoid part of the temporal bone and the nuchal crest of the occipital bone.
Action: To draw the head and neck to the side.

Question 9

Sternohyoideus

Answer 9

O: The first sternebra and the first costal cartilage.
I: The basihyoid bone.
Action: To pull the tongue and larynx caudally

Question 10

Sternothyroideus

Answer 10

O: The first costal cartilage.
I: The caudolateral surface of the thyroid cartilage.
Action: To draw the larynx and tongue caudally.

Question 11

Superficial pectoral

Answer 11

O: cranial sternum
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: adducts the fore limb

Question 12

Deep pectoral

Answer 12

O: ventral sternum
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the shoulder and move trunk cranially when weight bearing, flex shoulder and move limb caudally when non weight bearing

Question 13

Long head of triceps

Answer 13

O: caudal border of the scapula
I: olecranon
Action: flex the shoulder and extend the elbow

Question 14

Teres major

Answer 14

O: caudal scapula
I: teres major tuberosity
Action: flex the shoulder

Question 15

Teres minor

Answer 15

O: infraglenoid tubercle and caudal border of the scapula
I: teres minor tuberosity
Action: flex the shoulder

Question 16

Deltoideus

Answer 16

O: scapular spine and acromion
I: deltoid tuberosity
Action: flex the shoulder

Question 17

Infraspinatus

Answer 17

O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the shoulder.

Question 18

Supraspinatus

Answer 18

O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the shoulder

Question 19

Biceps brachii

Answer 19

O: supraglenoid tubercle
I: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: extend the shoulder and flex the elbow

Question 20

Coracobrachialis

Answer 20

O: coracoid process/supraglenoid tubercle
I: the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend and adduct the shoulder joint

Question 21

Subscapularis

Answer 21

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: adduct and extend the shoulder

Question 22

Brachialis

Answer 22

O: proximal humerus
I: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: flex the elbow

Question 23

Lateral head of the triceps

Answer 23

O: tricipital line
I: olecranon
Action: extend the elbow

Question 24

Accessory head of triceps

Answer 24

O: neck of the humerus
I: olecranon
Action: extend the elbow

Question 25

Medial head of the triceps

Answer 25

O: lesser tubercle of the humerus I: olecranon Action: extend the elbow

Question 26

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 26

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: accessory carpal bone Action: flex the carpus

Question 27

Anconeus

Answer 27

O: distal humerus I: lateral olecranon Action: extend the elbow

Question 28

Tensor fascia antebrachii

Answer 28

O: latissimus dorsi I: olecranon Action: extend the elbow

Question 29

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 29

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: accessory carpal bone Action: flex the carpus

Question 30

Superficial digital flexor

Answer 30

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: middle phalanx 2-5 Action: flex the carpus

Question 31

Deep digital flexor

Answer 31

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: flexor tubercle of distal phalanx 2-5 Action: flex the carpus

Question 32

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 32

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: metacarpals 2-3 Action: flex the carpus

Question 33

Extensor carpi radialis

Answer 33

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: metacarpals 2 and 3 Action: extend the carpus

Question 34

Common digital extensor

Answer 34

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: extensor process of distal phalanges Action: extend the carpus and digits

Question 35

Lateral digital extensor

Answer 35

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: proximal end of digits 3-5 Action: extend the carpus and digits 3-5

Question 36

Ulnaris lateralis

Answer 36

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: accessory carpal bone and digit 5 Action: abduct the manus and flex the carpus

Question 37

Supinator

Answer 37

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: cranial radius Action: rotate forearm laterally, flex the elbow

Question 38

Pronator teres

Answer 38

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus I: medial border of radius Action: rotate forearm medially

Question 39

Pronator quadratus

Answer 39

Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and ulna Action: pronate the paw

Question 40

Signs of proximal radial nerve damage

Answer 40

• Loss of ability to extend the elbow, carpus, and digits resulting in the inability to bear weight on the forelimb • happens at the brachial plexus before innervation to the triceps

Question 41

Signs of distal radial nerve damage

Answer 41

• Loss of ability to extend carpus and digits