Canine Infectious Diseases

Question 1

How is canine parvovirus transmitted

Answer 1

Fomites

Question 2

Does Canine parvovirus affect GI tract?

Answer 2

Yes!

Question 3

Outline canine parvovirus pathogenesis

Answer 3

CPV only grows in rapidly dividing cells like Intestinal epithelium, Lymphoid tissue, Myocardium (young puppies only).

Causes Enteritis

Question 4

Treatment of enteritis

Answer 4

Isolate
Nursing
Intravenous fluids
Intravenous antibacterials
Anti-emetics
Interferons

Question 5

What is interferons

Answer 5

Authorised for CPV
A protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.

Question 6

CPV dx

Answer 6

Haemagglutination
ELISA / ‘Snap’
PCR
Serology- Haemagglutination
Post- mortem

Question 7

Outline CPV Vaccinations

Answer 7

Live vaccines very reliable
- Solid immunity – probably lifelong
- Two doses generally sufficient
- Use of live vaccines in pregnant bitches

Older inactivated vaccines better
- Maternal antibody at 12 weeks old
- Third vaccination at 18+ weeks old

Question 8

What is the most common hepatic infections in dogs

Answer 8

Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH)
Leptospirosis

Question 9

What is the most common Renal Infections in dogs

Answer 9

Leptospirosis

Question 10

What is the name of the disease that Canine Adenovirus (CAV-1) causes

Answer 10

Rubarths disease: infectious canine hepatitis: ICH
Respiratory disease

Question 11

What diseases does Canine Adenovirus (CAV-2) cause

Answer 11

Respiratory disease

Question 12

Infectious canine hepatitis clinical signs

Answer 12

Pyrexia
Jaundice
Vasculitis
Haemorrhagic effusions
Ascites
DIC
Neurological signs
‘Blue eye’

Question 13

ICH: Diagnosis

Answer 13

CBC:
Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) in early stages.
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) in severe cases.

Biochemistry Panel:
Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP).
Hyperbilirubinemia (elevated bilirubin).

Coagulation profile- Prolonged clotting times
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
Serology
PM

Question 14

Outline CAV vaccination protocols

Answer 14

Attenuated CAV-2 is an efficacious vaccine
Two doses given 2 to 4 weeks apart

Question 15

Is Leptospirosis zoonotic

Answer 15

Yes!

Question 16

Source of leptospirosis

Answer 16

Contaminated water
Soil and wet environments
Rats

Question 17

Outline major difference in L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola

Answer 17

L. icterohaemorrhagiae often causing severe liver and kidney damage. L. canicola is adapted to dogs as its host, leading to milder, more chronic kidney disease.

Question 18

Lepto DX

Answer 18

Dark field microscopy of urine sediment
Stained histopath sections and urine sediment (Giemsa, Silver)
Serology (MAT): The Microscopic Agglutination Test detects antibodies against Leptospira; a fourfold rise in titer confirms infection.
ELISA

Question 19

Lepto Tx

Answer 19

IV fluids +/- blood
Careful disposal of urine
Antibiotics – penicillins, tetracyclines
Nursing

Question 20

Outline Lepto Vaccination

Answer 20

Inactivated vaccine
Initial Dose: Administered at 8–9 weeks of age.
Booster: Given 2–4 weeks later.
Annual Booster: Recommended for continued protection.

Question 21

Most common neurological canine infectious disease

Answer 21

Canine Distemper

Question 22

Where are the sites of primary and secondary replication of canine distemper

Answer 22

Primary replication
Macrophages + lymphoid cells
Secondary replication
Epithelial + neronal tissue

Question 23

Outline difference in acute and chronic canine distemper

Answer 23

Acute>Chronic
Immunological>Gastrointestinal>Respiratory>Neurological

Question 24

Signs of CDV

Answer 24

Central vestibular disease
Cerebellar disease
Seizures
Myoclonus - less than 50%

Question 25

Duration of clinical signs of CDV

Answer 25

Days to a few weeks with residual effects Chronic relapsing course rare

Question 26

CDV: Dx

Answer 26

GranulomatousMeningoencephalitis (GME) Intra-cranial masses Hepatic encephalopathy Chronic distemper Conjunctival smears Lymph nodes aspirates Serology CSF

Question 27

Outline CDV vaccination

Answer 27

Maternal antibodies uncommon at 12 weeks old Immunity generally long-lived Breakdowns relatively common- vaccine damage, early loss of vaccine-induced antibody, early infection

Question 28

Most common respiratory infection

Answer 28

Kennel Cough

Question 29

What is the most common cause of kennel cough

Answer 29

Parainfluenza virus

Question 30

What are two vaccinations that could prevent kennel cough

Answer 30

1. Live avirulent vaccine for Parainfluenza virus 2. Intranasal live avirulent vaccine for Bordetella