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CANINE INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards

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1
Q

Science of cause or origin of a disease

A

Etiology

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2
Q

All the elements contributing to the occurrence or non-occurrence of a disease in a population

A

Epidemiology

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3
Q

Production or development of a disease

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

A disease that can be transmitted to man by vertebrate animals

A

Zoonotic

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5
Q

Happening in only a few hours

A

Peracute

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6
Q

Having severe signs in a short course of time, 12 - 24 hrs

A

Acute

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7
Q

Approximately one week

A

Subacute

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8
Q

Lasting longer than a week

A

Chronic

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9
Q

The condition of being diseased

A

Morbidity

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10
Q

The number of animals that die from disease

A

Mortality

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11
Q

A disease of high morbidity which is only occasionally present in a community

A

Epidemic

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12
Q

Not year round but when it happens everyone gets it. The Flu is an…

A

Epidemic

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13
Q

A disease of low morbidity which is constantly present in a community but clinically recognized in only a few

A

Endemic

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14
Q

What is an example of an endemic

A

HIV

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15
Q

An example of a widespread epidemic

A

Pandemic

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16
Q

Hard Pad Disease is the breeder name for what?

A

Canine Distemper

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17
Q

Etiology of Canine Distemper

A

Mobillivirus of Parymyxoviridae family

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18
Q

Canine distemper is different from feline distemper. Feline distemper is more like…

A

Parvovirus

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19
Q

How does canine distemper spread?

A

Most abundant in respiratory exudates. Spread by coughing and sneezing.

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20
Q

How long can canine distemper shed?

A

60 - 90 days after infection

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21
Q

Swelling around the brain/brain damage. Can be seen with any infection, especially canine distemper.

A

Chronic Encephalitis

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22
Q

Clinical signs of canine distemper.

A 
Mild to severe
Dry cough
Depression anorexia
Vomiting/diarrhea
Neurological signs
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23
Q

How to diagnose canine distemper

A

history of clinical signs
Lymphopenia
Thoracic radiographs

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24
Q

Therapy and Prevention of canine distemper

A

Supportive at best
Neurologic signs=grave prognosis
Vaccination with MLV

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25
True or False: A ferret can be vaccinated with the canine strain vaccine of canine distemper.
False. You should never vaccinate a ferret with a canine strain vaccine.
26
New terminology for Kennel Cough
Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD)
27
What is an example of a pandemic
Bird Flu
28
Etiology of CIRD
Canine Parainfluenza virus | Bordetella bronchiseptica
29
Less common agents for CIRD
``` Distemper virus CAV - 2 Strep Staph Pseudomonas Pastuerella E. Coli Mycoplasma ```
30
Epidemiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease
Outbreaks and epidemics are common/deaths uncommon
31
Pathogenesis of CIRD
Aerosol droplets
32
What is the incubation period of CIRD
3-10 days after exposure
33
Of the two etiologic agents of CIRD, which one is unique in facilitating secondary infection?
B. bronchiseptica
34
Clinical Findings of CIRD
paroxysmal coughing often associated with retching | When severe - fever, lethargy, anorexia, serous - mucopurulent occulonasal discharge
35
What is the therapy for CIRD?
There is no therapy due to disease being self-limiting
36
How to diagnose for CIRD
History of exposure, CBC may show stress leukogram, trans-tracheal wash
37
Treatment for CIRD
Supportive care, antitussives (cough suppressants), systemic glucocorticoids
38
Prevention for CIRD
Parenteral and IN vaccination
39
Which vaccine for CIRD is thought to be most efficacious in preventing infection and why?
Intranasal Vaccination It causes stimulation at site, directly stimulates IgA and has shown to cut the time of the disease in half if pet is already infected
40
Etiology of Canine Parvovirus
CPV-1, CPV-2
41
What are the 3 sub strains of parvovirus and which predominates in North America?
2a, 2b, 2c, | 2b predominates in North America
42
Epidemiology of parvovirus
most if not all canidae are susceptible
43
What is the incubation period for parvovirus
5 - 14 days
44
Pathogenesis of parvovirus
Oronasal contamination with infected feces Viremia - virus is in the blood Localizes in the intestinal epithelial crypts Neutropenia and lymphopenia
45
Excretion of parvovirus
Begins 3-4 days after infection, maximum 7-10 days in the stool *If you test the stool after 10 days, test can show up negative (false negative)
46
Clinical findings of parvovirus
Enteritis: v/d, dehydration, fever Cardiac: <8wks, sudden death, CHF
47
Diagnosis of Parvovirus
Clinical suspicion, Fecal ELISA antigen test * False positive result < 2 wks post vaccination * False negative result > 10 - 12 days post exposure
48
Therapy for Parvovirus
Supportive Antiemetic (stop vomiting) Synthetic colloids/plasma transfusions Parenteral nutrition (TPN)
49
Prevention of Parvovirus
vaccination with MVL
50
Which strain of parvovirus causes fading puppy syndrome and abortions in mothers?
CPV-1
51
Blue Eye is the breeder name for what?
Infectious Canine Hepatitis
52
Etiology of infectious canine hepatitis
Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV-1) | Can last outside the host for weeks or months
53
Epidemiology of infectious canine hepatitis
Ingestion of urine, feces, or saliva
54
How long can infectious canine hepatitis be shed in the urine of recovered dogs?
> 6 mos
55
Pathogenesis of infectious canine hepatitis
Tonsillar crypts and Peyer's patches Viremia Targets organs - liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs
56
Clinical findings of infectious canine hepatitis
Biphasic fever of >104F Apathy, anorexia, thirst, conjunctivitis, serous ocular and nasal discharge, abdominal pain, vomiting Leukopenia
57
What is the therapy for infectious canine hepatitis
Broad spectrum antibiotics (treat bacterial organisms to cover secondary infections) Tetracyclines (disadvantage: can affect the enamel of tooth)
58
How to prevent infectious canine hepatitis
Attenuated CAV-1 vaccines (will NOT cross protect for CAV-2) | Attenuated CAV-2 vaccines (will cross protect for CAV-1)
59
True/False - Leptospirosis is not a zoonotic disease
False
60
Etiology of leptospirosis in dogs
Canicola
61
Etiology of lepto in rats
Icterohaemorrhagiae
62
Etiology of lepto in pigs, cattle
Pomona
63
Etiology of lepto in skunks and opossums
Pomona and Grippotyphosa
64
Etiology of lepto in raccoons
Grippotyphosa
65
Etiology of emerging Serovars infection dogs
Autumnalis - mouse Barislava - pigs, horse Hardjo - cattle
66
Epidemiology of Lepto
Contact with infected urine | conjunctiva, vaginal mucosa, or skin abrasions
67
Pathogenesis of Lepto
Localize in the kidneys or reproductive organs
68
How long is the incubation period for lepto
4 - 12 days
69
True/False - The leptospira organism is a spirochete
True
70
Clinical Findings of leptospirosis
Vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy | Additional signs of uremia and abnormalities in serum chemistry, urinalysis, hematologic
71
How would one diagnose letpospirosis
Leptospires in urine Titer testing Western Blot
72
Therapy for lepto
Supportive Doxycycline Tetracycline, penicillin, and fluoroquinolones (Baytril)
73
Prevention for lepto
Vaccination recommended, dogs living in endemic area should vaccinate every 6 mos.
74
Etiology of Dog Flu
Genus - influenzavirus A | Family - Orthomyxoviridae
75
What are the two subtypes of Dog Flu
Hemagglutinin (H) and Neurominidase (N)
76
Dog Flu type H is responsible for what?
Is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected
77
Dog Flu type N is responsible for what?
Enables the virus to be released from the host cell

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