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Therio final > Canine ovulation timing/breeding management (Kelleman) > Flashcards

Canine ovulation timing/breeding management (Kelleman) Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Most common cause of infertility in dogs

A

Breeding at the wrong time

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2
Q

In ‘heat’ ‘season’

A
  • Combo of estrus and proestrus
  • vulvar d/c seen
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3
Q

Canine estrous cycle

A
  • Proestrus
  • Estrus
  • Diestrus / Metestrus
    • progesterone dominated
  • Anestrus
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4
Q

Hormones

  • LH
  • Progesterone
  • Estrogen
A
  • LH => ovulation
  • Progesterone => prod in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches
  • Estrogen
    • vaginal lining epithelial cells and wall thickness => kills the epith cells
    • behavoir and physical signs
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5
Q

Events of canine estrous cycle described by

A
  • Behavior
    • tail flagging (horses don’t flag)
  • Vaginal cytology
  • Endocrinology
  • Anatomy
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6
Q

Vaginal Cytology

A
  • bioassay for estrogen
  • not for ovulation timin
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7
Q

Cornification

A
  • epithelial cell death from tissue thickening due to estrogen
  • process
    • parabasal cells (healthy)
      • proestrus
    • Intermediate cells
      • proesturs
    • superficial cells - pyknotic nucleus (cornified)
      • ​estrus
    • anuclear squamous - corn flake (cornified)
      • ​estrus
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8
Q

Progesterone

A
  • estimate LH peak (ovulation)
  • low concentrations - anestrus to early estrus
  • 2-2.9 = LH peak (breed 4 & 6 days later)
  • 4-10 = ovluation
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9
Q

2-2-2-2 rule

A
  • 2 ng/ml progesterone = LH peak
  • 2 days later bitch ovulates
  • 2 days later breed bitch
    • gives primary oocyte time to develope into secondary oocyte
  • 2 days later breed a second time
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10
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A
  • LH peak
  • abrupt and short
  • assumed 24 h, can be less, can be 48
  • Ovulation occurs 24-48 hours later
  • Can miss LH peak if run too late
  • Used with P4 testing
  • Expensive
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11
Q

Life of oocyte

A
  • 12-24 hrs
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12
Q

TCI

A
  • Endoscopic Trancervical Insemination
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13
Q

Interuterine deposition

A
  • Considered unethical some places, gold standard other places
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14
Q

Insemination dose (32:29)

Standard AI

Intra-uterine insemination

A
  • Starndard vaginal AI
    • deposited in vagina (250 million PMMN/ 150 million motile minimum)
  • Intra uterine insemination
    • helps with poor quality semen (100 million PMMN minimum)
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15
Q

Diestrus and cytology

A
  • Abrupt change to NON-corniication
  • Excellent for timing of parturition
  • 57 +/- 1 day from onset of cytological diestrus
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16
Q

Legth of Gestation

A
  • 57 +/- 1 day from cytological diestrus
  • 65 +/- 1 day from LH peak
  • 57-72 days from one random breeding (close to diestrus shorter number)
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17
Q

Timing a Bit’s season

A
  • First Exam Early
    • PE, Vag cytology, digital exam +/- vaginoscopy, brucellosis, parasitology
    • P4 based on cytology and big picture
  • Recheck every 2-3 days: P4 & vaginal cytology
    • P4 approaches 2ng/ml
    • LH can be evaluated
  • P4 checked after expected ovulation to verify
  • Floow vaginal cytology for daily diestrus
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18
Q

Synonym for cornified

A

Superficial

anuclear

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19
Q

LH peak occurs ____ prior to cytological diestrus

A

8-9 days prior to cytological diestrus

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20
Q

Feline ovulation

A
  • Induced ovulation
  • Sufficient coital stimulation causes LH release
  • Ovulation 24-48 hours later
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21
Q

Feline mating…

A
  • Estrus averages about 8 days
  • Bring Queen to male territory for mating
    • multiple mating necessary for LH surge
    • Begin mating on estrus days 2-4
    • Minimum 3 times daily
    • 4 times in 2 h period, best ovulations
    • Queen’s after reaction
      • Vicious towards tom, rolls and lick perineum
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22
Q

Feline ovulation induction

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hCG given day prior
  • Has LH effect
23
Q

Feline Assisted Reproduction

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Possible:
    • Vaginal AI
    • Surgical AI
    • Transcervical AI
  • Anesthesia and surgical laparotomy will adversely affect ovulation
24
Q

Estrous Cycle History

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Cycling, interestrous interval, # of cycles, # days of vulvar d/c, how long receptive (standing for dog)
  • Vaginal cytologies or hormone testing
  • Rx to induce estrus or ‘improve fertility’
  • Bitch family history of infertility
25
Breeding History
* Bitch allow stud to mount? Observed tie? * # breedings/cycle? * Choice of breeding days? * Stud sired litters since this bitch? * Inside tie vs outside tie * Bitch transported/travel/tranzuilization for breeding? * Semen type & method? AI, sx AI
26
Pregnancy history
* Litters, # pups, survival * C-sections * Abortion * **Early embryonic death**, 'resorption'? * Timing * dx - ultrasound, gestational age
27
Other repro hx
* Previous pyo? * This predisposes every pregnancy to pyo * spay her after this litter * Vaginitis * Vulvar dermatitis * mismating * medication * to abort * to manage cycle
28
Repro exam
* Vulva * infantile, dermatitis, recessed, d/c * Digital vestibule/vaginal exam * mammary glands * abdominal palpation
29
Should not see ____ in estrus
* Neutraphils
30
Vaginal stricture
* do a digital exam! * can miss this on endoscopy * can cause urine polling, etc
31
convergence of three tissue types in bitch repro tract
* Vestibule * vagina * urogenital
32
DDX of Vulvar d/c
* Normal repro * Abnormal repro * pyo * abortion * metritis * Miscellaneous * neoplasm * foreign body * urovagina
33
Infection?
* Normal flora * Staph, strep, E.coli, pasteurella * mycoplasma & ureaplasma * overgrowth of one bug may play role in infertility
34
Canine Herpes Virus
* TX * venereal * respiratory * Pregnant naive bitches most at risk * mummies, abortions, stillborns * Kidney patechia on necropsy * other spp herpes patechia on lungs * Vaccine only overseas
35
Brucella
* Zoonotic * Adult dogs =\> can be asymptomatic * Abortion, infertility * male repro anomalies/inflammation * diffuse lyphadenomegaly * Diskospondylitis * Ocular lesions * Lameness, polyarthritis * Other organs
36
Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia
* Caused by repeated estrus & diestrus * estrogen, then progesterone * Endometrial cyct formation * Susceptibility to infection * thickening & cysts * Progesterone immune suppression * **pyometra =\> progesterone immune suppressive**
37
Serosal cysts
* on outside of uterus * poor lymphatic drainage...?
38
Ovarian Cysts What do they do Variable signs Other abnormalities
* Secretory * estrogen * progesterone * Variable signs * prolonged Estrus/anestrus * Other abnormalities may be present * granulosa cell tumor
39
Follicular and luteal cysts TX Canine/feline
* Follicular * Try to luteinize with hCG or GnRH * Similar to cow, not as successful * Follicular or luteal * surgical excision * ovariectomy
40
Granulosa Cell Tumor
* Most common tumor in Dogs, horses, cows \* elevated estrogens (exogenous or endogenous) can cause * bone marrow suppression * anemia
41
Cycle abnormalities
* Split heat * Proestrus / estrus: \> 8 weeks * Prolonged diestrus or short interestrous interval (IEI) (progesterone dominated) * Anestrus
42
Split heat
* follicular wave, atresia, new follicular wave * common in young bitches...NBD
43
Proestrus / estrus: \> 8 weeks
* Prolonged diestrus or short interestrous interval (IEI) (progesterone dominated) * ovarian cysts secreting progesterone...? * reduces healing time / uterine involution between cycles * need minimum of 4 months IEI for uterine involution * TX =\> give drugs to suppress estrus
44
Anestrus
* bitch at 2 yrs old that hasn't cycled =\> investigate * could be silent heat * Retrospectively check P4 monthly * Can do weekly cytology
45
Intersex
* Cockers, schnauzers, more * XX sex-reversal male * True hermaphrodites * ovary * testis * ovotestis
46
Feline infertility
* Estrous cycle issues * Mating issues * Infections * Anatomical * Chromosomal / Genetic
47
Estrous cycle of the queen
48
Cats can still cycle and get pregnant when \_\_\_\_\_
lactating
49
Feline persistent anestrus
* Seasonality & photoperiod * cat thinks it's winter and not getting enough light * light for 14-16 hours / day =\> will cycle w/in 1-2 months * Ovarian Cysts * Behavoir * may be silent heats
50
Determining presence of gonads Feline / canine
* AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) * glycoprotein hormone; present all placental mammals * need 1 post pubertal blood sample * send to: 1. NYS Dx lab Cornell 2. UC Davis * P4 may also be used = indicates functional uterine tissue
51
Feline spontaneous ovulation
* can be frequent without mating * diestrus 'pseudo-pregnant'
52
Persistent Estrus
* Can be normal from follicular waves * estrogen secreting cyst * exogenous estrogen * estrogen creams from humans
53
Repro PE in cats
* General * limited repro exam * always check mammary glands (tumors very aggressive) * Abdominal palpation * vulvar d/c not normal * vaginal cytology and cornification
54
Progesterone and dx in cats
* required for pregnancy * not proof of pregnancy * Diestrus - progesterone dominant

Therio final (10 decks)

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