Canine Prostatic Disease

Question 1

Canine Prostatic Disease Predisposers

Answer 1

• Intact male dogs - testosterone predisposes to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) in all male dogs - increases with age
• BPH increases predisposition to prostatitis (infection), abscess
• Paraprostatic cyst: developmental anomaly
• Prostatic neoplasia: not hormone-associated (unlike in people)
• Castrated male dog: prostatic neoplasia

Question 2

Prostatic Disease Clinical Signs

Answer 2

• Similar to lower urinary tract infection
• Bloody preputial discharge independent of voiding
• Pain, tenesmus
• Gait change
• Infertility

Question 3

Prostatic Diagnostics - Rectal Exam

Answer 3

Size, shape, pain, mobility (know normals for intact and castrated male dogs)

Question 4

Prostate Diagnostics - imaging

Answer 4

Radiographs - prostatomegaly, calcification, sublumbar masses, localized peritonitis

Ultrasound - internal structure, abscess, cyst

Question 5

Prostate Diagnostics - Cytology

Answer 5

Look for malignancy (fine-needle aspirate can “seed” cancer cells - avoid here!!)

Question 6

Treatment: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Answer 6

• Castration
• Drug therapy to involute prostate:
  
  • Finasteride blocks 5-hydrotestosterone (only use if male breeding value)

Question 7

Prostatic involution takes ____ weeks after neutering to be complete.

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Finasteride, a drug to involute the prostate, blocks _______.

Answer 8

5-hydrotestosterone

Question 9

Treatment: bacterial prostatitis

acute vs chronic

Answer 9

• Acute: can cause sepsis and be life-threatening - treat as a case of systemic illness
• Chronic: antibiotics and castration
  
  • Antibiotics must cross blood-prostate barrier (lipid soluble, weak base, poorly protein-bound)
    
    • Fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, sulfa, chloramphenicol

Question 10

List antibioitcs that will treat bacterial prostatitis

Answer 10

• Fluoroquinolones
• Trimethoprim sulfa
• Chloramphenicol

Question 11

Treatment: Prostatic Abscess

Answer 11

In addition to bacterial prostatitis treatment, may need surgical drainage.

Question 12

Treatment: Prostatic Neoplasia

Answer 12

Poor - can’t remove surgically due to complications

Bad location for radiation therapy

No chemotherapy-responsive tx

Palliate with castration and Piroxicam (NSAID with anti-tumor properties)

Question 13

Two common prostatic cancers:

Answer 13

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Question 14

Treatment: Paraprostatic cyst

Answer 14

Surgical repair