Cannabis

Question 1

What is cannabis?

Answer 1

Genus of plant containing THC and CBD.

Question 2

What is THC?

Answer 2

tetrahydrocannibinol. Most common form is THC(theta)9

Question 3

What is CBD?

Answer 3

Cannibidiol.

Question 4

What are cannabinoids?

Answer 4

Chemical compounds that act at the cannabinoid receptors.

Question 5

What are terpenoids?

Answer 5

Component of cannabis that gives a distinct smell.

Question 6

What are the two forms of administration of THC? What is the bioavailability for both?

Answer 6

Inhalation/smoking: 25%

Ingesting: 6%

Question 7

Where is THC typically distributed?

Answer 7

Highly lipophilic molecule, typically distributes into areas near high blood flow.

Question 8

Where does metabolism of THC primarily occur?

Answer 8

Liver.

Question 9

What enzymes metabolize THC?

Answer 9

Cytochrome P4502C9

Question 10

What are the byproducts of THC metabolism?

Answer 10

11-OH-THC, THC-COOH.

Question 11

What are the two types of cannabinoid receptors?

Answer 11

CB1 and CB2

Question 12

What types of receptors are CB1 and CB2?

Answer 12

Inhibitory G-protein coupled receptors.

Question 13

What is the mechanism of CB1/CB2 receptors?

Answer 13

Inhibit adenylyl cyclase, decrease in cAMP accumulation and inhibition of presynaptic calcium release, decreasing neurotransmission.

Question 14

What effects does THC have at CB1?

Answer 14

Partial agonist.

Question 15

What effects does CBD have at CB1?

Answer 15

Negative allosteric modulator.

Question 16

Where are CB1 receptors distributed?

Answer 16

Brain, organs, and peripheral nerves.

Question 17

Where are CB2 receptors primarily distributed?

Answer 17

In immune cells.

Question 18

What are the effects of THC?

Answer 18

Euphoria, pain relief, increased appetite.

Hallucinations, psychosis (possible)

Question 19

What are adverse effects of THC consumption?

Answer 19

Psychotic effects, prenatal effects, lung cancer, influences ability to drive.

Question 20

What are synthetic cannabinoids? Examples?

Answer 20

Manufactured cannabinoids whose properties imitate those of active cannabis.

include: nabilone, dronabinol, nabiximols, ribonabent,

Question 21

What is nabilone?

Answer 21

Partial agonist at CB1, taken orally.

Question 22

What is dronabinol?

Answer 22

Trans isomer of THC, a partial agonist at CB1 used to treat nausea and appetite.

Question 23

What are nabiximols?

Answer 23

Sublingual THC/CBD spray, agonist at CB1; relief of pain.

Question 24

What is ribonabant?

Answer 24

Inverse agonist at CB1 receptor, used to treat obesity but caused severe psychiatric effects.

Question 25

What are endocannabinoids?

Answer 25

Cannabinoids produced endogenously, modulate mood, feeding, and motor function.

Question 26

What are the two kinds of endocannabinoids?

Answer 26

Anandamine (AEA) and 2-arachinoyl glycerol (2-AG)

Question 27

How are endocannabinoids synthesized?

Answer 27

Made from the phospholipid bilayer in response to increased calcium concentrations in the presynaptic cell.

Question 28

What is the purpose of endocannabinoids?

Answer 28

To prevent excess calcium concentration, prevents downstream excitotoxicity or overactivation of the brain.

Question 29

How are endocannabinoids metabolized?

Answer 29

They are cleaved from the synapse and inactivated by fatty acid amine hydrolase (FAAH) or monoacylgyclerol (MAGL)