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CAP > CAP5-8 > Flashcards

CAP5-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 stages of a classic bacterial growth phase

A

Lag
Exponential
Stationary
Decline

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2
Q

Describe the transition from planktonic growth to a biofilm

A

A developmental pathway, involving:

  • biofilm formation
  • competence
  • motility and chemotaxis
  • endospores formation
  • scavenging enzymes
  • release of antibiotics
  • persistor cell state
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3
Q

What is a biofilm

A

Microbial communities attached to a surface
Spatially Organised in a 3D structure, bacterial cells are enclosed in extracellular matrix, increasing the habitat range of each individual bacteria

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4
Q

Properties of a typical biofilm X4

A

Cooperation/coordination of behaviour (gene expression)
Structure
Micro environments (from pH to oxygen tension)
Protection (matrix can protect, different cell state can protect)

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5
Q

Name the 5 developmental stages of plaque biofilm

A

1 pellicle formation
2 attachment of individual bacteria cells
3 growth of individual bacteria (formation of distinct micro colonies)
4 microbial succession and diversification
5 climax community

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6
Q

What does microbial succession in plaque biofilm refer to?

A

Microbial succession refers to the population shift from a streptococcus dominated plaque to a plaque dominated by Actinomyces

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7
Q

What is quorum sensing?

A

The process in which single celled organisms monitor their population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules produced by the cells themselves.

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8
Q

What is the signal molecule produced by gram-ves and gram+ves used in quorum sensing?

A

Gram -ves: N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones

Gram +ves: oligopeptides

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9
Q

What are the two factors important in controlling caries progression, by the ecological plaque hypothesis?

A
  • mechanical cleaning

- some restriction of sugar intake

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10
Q

What is a logical consequence of the specific plaque hypothesis?

A

Preventive measures targeting specific bacteria eg immunisation

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11
Q

What is a consequence of the non specific plaque hypothesis?

A

All plaque should be disturbed by mechanical plaque control (tooth brushing)

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12
Q

4 factors contributing to dental caries

A

Teeth
Plaque bacteria
Sugar
Time

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13
Q

Name the three chemical methods of plaque control

A

Antibiotics
Antiseptics
Enzymes

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14
Q

Major problems with use of antibiotics in plaque control x4

A

Disruption of natural flora (C. Albicans)
Resistance
Hypersensitivity
Storage issues

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15
Q

What do antiseptics work on?

A

Gram positive and gram negative

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16
Q

What is the class of enzymes that is used in chemical plaque control

A

STAMPs (specifically targetted anti-microbial peptides)

17
Q

Function of enzymes in chemical plaque control

A

Used to break off plaque /modify access of nutrients

18
Q

Downsides of use of enzymes in chemical plaque control x4

A

Not very effective
Do not store well in toothpastes
Enzymes are very specific
Enzymes are proteins, hence might lead to hypersensitivity

19
Q

Ideal properties of disclosing agents x6

A
  • non toxic
  • does not taste bad ie acceptable taste
  • easily removed from mouth after use
  • good Colour contrast with teeth and soft tissue
  • indicate oldest and most metabolically active areas of plaque
  • inexpensive
20
Q

What is the most commonly used disclosing agent

A

Erythrosin

21
Q

Which disclosing agent requires the use of blue/UV lamp to see plaque?

A

Fluorescin

22
Q

What does Fluorescin require to work?

A

Blue /UV lamp

23
Q

Name 6 antigens of strep mutans

A
  • protein antigens (antigen I/II)
  • glucosyltransferase
  • glucan binding proteins
  • peptidoglycan
  • lipoteichoic acid
  • serotype specific antigens
24
Q

What is the replacement theory?

A

Replacement of pathogenic bacteria by non-pathogenic

25
Q

Name 5 plaque stagnation areas

A
  • occlusal surface
  • approximately surface with adjacent tooth
  • root caries
  • adjacent to partial dentures
  • adjacent to restorations
26
Q

Name 3 ways for remineralisation to take place

A
  • improved OH
  • fluoride
  • decreased sugar intake
27
Q

Name 3 things that causes demineralisation to occur

A
  • poor OH
  • increased sugar intake
  • no topical fluoride
28
Q

What is planktonic growth?

A

Refers to a single bacteria suspended in a media which can be rich or limiting in nutrients

29
Q

Comment on why vaccination against caries should be a necessity

A

Although disease is not life threatening:

  • Common disease , pain, disfigurement, lost productivity
  • Disproportionate effect on socio-economic classes
  • S. mutans link to endocarditis
30
Q

List 5 alternative approaches of controlling caries

A
  1. Fluorination
  2. Topical fluoride application
  3. Dental sealants
  4. Brushing, flossing, regular visits to dentist
  5. Dietary sugar/sucrose restriction

CAP (2 decks)

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