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Pharmdosage > Capsules > Flashcards

Capsules Flashcards

1
Q

Are solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed in a hard or soft soluble container, usually in a form of gelatin. Most filled_________are intended to be swallowed whole.

A

Capsules

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2
Q

Are solid dosage form in which one or more medicinal or inert substances are enclosed within a small gelatin shell.

A

Capsules

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3
Q

The shells may be composed of two pieces, __________, or they may be composed of a________.

A

body and a cap
single piece

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4
Q

Ex of Capsules

A

Examples: May be to contain and encapsulate: Powder/Granulate, Pellet mixtures, Paste, Capsule, Tablet

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5
Q

– is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue and bone of animals

A

USP Gelatin

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6
Q

– are cast by dipping cold metallic molds or pins into gelatin solution maintain at a uniform temperature and an exact degree of fluidity.

A

Shells

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7
Q

Types of Capsules

A

Hard Gelatin Capsules
Soft Gelatin Capsules

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8
Q

*Referred to as two piece capsules.
*which contain dry, powdered ingredients or miniature pellets made by e.g. processes of extrusion or spheronization.

A

Hard Gelatin Capsules or Hard shelled capsules

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9
Q

Capsules: These are made in two halves: a smaller-diameter “____” that is filled and then sealed using a larger-
diameter ______

A

.

Body
Cap

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10
Q

SIZES
000–

A

1000mg(1g)

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11
Q

00 –

A

600mg

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12
Q

0 –

A

500mg

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13
Q

1 –

A

300mg

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14
Q

2 –

A

250mg

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15
Q

3 –

A

200mg

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16
Q

4 –

A

125mg

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17
Q

5 –

A

60mg

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18
Q

Empty Capsules
– Largest, ranges 600 mg (veterinary medicine)

A

000

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19
Q

Empty Capsules

– Smallest, ranges 300 mg

A

5

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20
Q

Used to encapsulate between 65mg and 1g of powdered material. (drug and diluents)

A

Hard Gelatin Capsules

21
Q

– Are added if the drug dose for a single capsule is inadequate to fill the capsule.

A

Lactose

22
Q

– Are added to facilitate the flow of the powder when automatic capsule filling machine is used.

A

Magnesium Stearate (less than 1%)

23
Q

– Are added to the formulation to enhance drug distribution.

A

Lithium Carbonate

24
Q

PREPARATION: Empty Hard Gelatin

A

 Mixtures of gelatin
 Colorants
 Titanium dioxide – opacifying agent  Sulfur dioxide (0.15%) – to prevent
decomposition

25
Q

PREPARATION: Filled Hard Capsules

A

 Preparing the formulation
 Selecting the appropriate capsule
 Filling the capsule shells
 Cleaning and polishing and filled capsules

26
Q

Are usually filled by the Punch Method.
 The powder is placed on paper and flattened with a spatula so that the layer of powder is no more than about 1/3 the length of the
capsule.
 The paper is held on the left hand, and the
body of the capsule held on the right hand, is pressed repeatedly into the powder until the body is filled.
 Then the cap is replaced and the capsule weighed.

A

Filling of Capsules

27
Q

– Does not lend itself well to the punch method.
o Maybe poured into each capsule from the powder paper on which it was weighed.

A

Granular Material

28
Q

– Are materials consisting of a mass of filament-like crystals, will not fit into a capsule easily unless first powdered.
 Must be cleaned and polished
o Small scale: Individually or in small numbers by rubbing them on a clean gauze or cloth.
o Large scale: Cleaning vacuum, that removes extraneous matter.

A

Crystalline Material (Quinine salts)

29
Q

 Tightly closed glass containers
 Protected from dust and extreme of
humidity and temperature.

A

STORAGE

30
Q

o Capsules may contain________, varying with the storage condition.

A

Capsules may contain 12% -16% water

31
Q

– brittle

A

Slow humidity

32
Q

– Flaccid and Shapeless

A

High temperature

33
Q

 Also referred to as one-piece capsules.
 , primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved
or suspended in oil.
 May be to contain and encapsulate: Liquids, Suspensions, Pasty materials

A

Soft-shelled capsules or Soft gelatin Capsules

34
Q

SHAPES of Soft Gelatin capsules:

A

 Oblong
 Elliptical
 Spherical (oval or round)

35
Q

COMMERCIALLY PREPARED
Soft gelatin Capsules

A

 Ethchlorovynol(Palcidyl)
 Demeclocycline HCl (Declomycin)  Chlorotrianisene (TACE)
 Chloral Hydrate ( Noctec)
 Digoxin (Lanoxicaps)
 Vitamin A and E

36
Q

Sof gelatin capsules, Are prepared from gelatin shells to which _________ has been added, rendering the shells elastic or plastic-like.

A

Glycerin or Polyhydric alcohol (Sorbitol)

37
Q

 To contain preservatives to prevent the growth of fungi.

A

o Methyl parabens
o Propyl parabens
o Sorbic acid

38
Q

Soft gelatin Capsule, Usually prepared by the _________using a Rotary or Reciprocating productive die.

A

Plate Process

39
Q

Both Hard and Soft Gelatin capsules are made from aqueous solutions of gelling agents:

A

 Animal Protein (mainly gelatin); or
 Plant polysaccharides or their derivatives
 Carrageenans, modified forms of starch and cellulose.
 Other ingredients can be added to the gelling agent solution including:
o Plasticizers (glycerin or sorbitol to decrease the capsule’s hardness).
o Coloring agents, Preservatives, Disintegrants, Lubricants, Surface treatment

40
Q

usually are enteric-coated tablets or capsules designed to pass through the stomach unaltered, later to release their medication within the intestinal tract.

A

Delayed-release products

41
Q

are designed to release their medication in a controlled manner, at a predetermined rate, duration and location to achieve and maintain optimum therapeutic blood levels of drug.
 Tablets, Capsules, Injections, Vaginal inserts, Subdermal implants, Transdermal system.

A

Extended-release products

42
Q

 Use to describe dosage forms having drug release features based on time, course, and/or location which are designed to accomplish therapeutic or convenience objectives not offered by conventional or immediate-release forms.

A

Modified-release

43
Q

 One that allows a reduction in dosing frequency to that presented by a conventional dosage form.

A

Extended-release

44
Q

 Is designed to release the drug from the dosage form at a time other than promptly after administration. The delay may be time- based or based on the influenced of environmental conditions, as gastrointestinal pH.

A

Delayed-release

45
Q

 These forms usually contain two single doses of medication, one for immediate release and the second for delayed release.
 Ex: Bilayered tablets

A

Repeat Action

46
Q

 Describes drug release directed toward isolating or concentrating a drug in a body region, tissue, or site for absorption or for drug action.

A

Targeted Release

47
Q

Drugs best suited for incorporation into an extended-release product:

A

 They exhibit neither very slow nor very fast rates of absorption and excretion.
 They are uniformly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
 They are administered in relatively small doses.
 They possess a good margin of safety.
 They are used in the treatment of chronic rather than acute conditions.

48
Q

modified-release products provide either

A

delayed-release or extended-release of drugs.

Pharmdosage (4 decks)

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