Carb Metabolism

Question 1

Importance of glycogenilysis

Answer 1

-Energy production
-Maintenance of blood glucose levels
-Fuel for the brain

Question 2

Oxidation

Answer 2

Chemical reaction where a molecule looses 1 or more electron
Oxidation reactions results in the release of energy
Which can be used to make ATP

Question 3

Reduction

Answer 3

Opposite of oxidation
Molecule gains an electron
Reduction reactions are often couple with oxidation reactions
Play crucial roles in energy production & biosynthesis

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

Complex molecules are synthesised from simple ones
Require energy input & involve the building of large biomolecules such as proteins

Question 5

Catabolism

Answer 5

Complex molecules broken down to simple molecules with the release of energy
Simple molecules are used then as substrates for energy production

Question 6

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Answer 6

Glucose -> 2 private + 2 ATP + 2 NADH
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
There are 10 steps

Question 7

Anaerobic Glycolysis Steps

Answer 7

1.Glucose Entry
2.Phosphorylation
3.Isomerization
4.Phosphorylation 2
5.Cleage
6.Conversion to pyruvate
7.ATP Generation
8.Formation of lactate
9.Regeneration of NAD+
10.Outcome

Question 8

Pathways for pyruvate : Aerobic Conditions

Answer 8

1. Pyruvate oxidation - pyruvate transported into mitochondrial matrix converted into Acety-COA
2. Citric acid cycle - Acetyl COA forms a citrate, goes through a series of enzymic reactions

Question 9

Pathways for pyruvate : Anaerobic conditions

Answer 9

1. Lactic acid fermentation - pyruvate is converted to lactate, catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase
2. Alcoholic fermentation- In yeast, pyruvate is converted into ethanol