Carbohydrates

Question 1

Simplest Carbohydrates

Answer 1

glyceraldehyde

Question 2

• brain is dependent to blank
• do not accumulate to muscle but with the help of insulin
• 2/3 blank in CNS

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

name the reducing sugars

Answer 3

galactose, lactose, fructose, maltose and glucose

Question 4

non-reducing sugar because it does not contain aldehyde or ketone

Answer 4

sucrose

Question 5

how do glucose activate

Answer 5

negatively charge enol anion and double bond

Question 6

generates carbohydrates

Answer 6

pancreas

Question 7

secretes hormone, insulin, somatostatine, and glucagon

Answer 7

endocrine gland

Question 8

produces and secretes amylase

Answer 8

exocrine gland

Question 9

breaking down the injected carbohydrates

Answer 9

amylase

Question 10

• hypoglycemic agent
• primary hormone upon entry of glucose
• only hormone that decreases glucose
• beta cells

Answer 10

insulin

Question 11

falsely measured insulin serum

Answer 11

hemolyzed

Question 12

• alpha cells
• hyperglycemic
• primary hormone that increases glucose
• catabolic functions
• promotes glycogenosis

Answer 12

glucagon

Question 13

• zona fasciculata and zona reticularis

- promotes GLN and LP

Answer 13

Cortisol and Corticosteroids

Question 14

• releases chromaffin cells in the adrenal medula
• inhibit insulin
• GLG & LP

Answer 14

Catecholamines

Question 15

• secreted in the anterior pituitary gland
• decreases upon entry of glucose
• GLG & GLY

Answer 15

Growth Hormone

Question 16

• GLG, GLN, intestinal absorption

Answer 16

Thyroid Hormone

Question 17

• releases cortisol in adrenal cortex

- GLG & GLN

Answer 17

Adenocorticortrophic Hormone

Question 18

• delta cells in pancreas
• synthesize in the paraventricular and arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus
• increase growth, insulin, glucagon, hormone

Answer 18

Somatostatine

Question 19

generates pyruvic, lactic and acetyl on enzyme

Answer 19

glucose metabolism

Question 20

• Increased blood glucose
• Toxic BETA cells
• Impairs insulin

Answer 20

Hyperglycemia

Question 21

what is the FBS of hyperglycemia

Answer 21

greater than or equal to 186 ml per DL

Question 22

Diagnostic of Hyperglycemia

Answer 22

• Increase urine, glucose, and plasma
• Increase urine specific gravity
• decrease urine and blood pH
• Presence of ketone in urine and plasma
• electrolyte imbalance

Question 23

urine specific gravity of water and urine

Answer 23

water - 1.000 & urine 1.005 - 1.030

Question 24

• decreased blood sugar
• alleviated glucose administration
• imbalance of glucose utilization and production

Answer 24

hypoglycemia

Question 25

Diagnoses of hypoglycemia

Answer 25

- 5 hours of glucose tolerance test | - below 65-70 mg per DL

Question 26

values of hypoglycemia that suggests hypoglycemia

Answer 26

equal or less than 60 ml per DL

Question 27

values of HypoG that shows symptoms of HypoG

Answer 27

50 to 55 mg per DL

Question 28

normal values of plasma glucose of MALE

Answer 28

55 to 60 mg per DL

Question 29

ketones that help female healthy plasma glucose reduces from

Answer 29

40 mg per DL

Question 30

it shows tremor, palpitation, anxiety and diaphoresis

Answer 30

neurogenic

Question 31

it shows blurry vision, dizziness, behavioral changes, confusion and tingling

Answer 31

neuroglycopenic

Question 32

insulin, alcohol, salicylates, sulfonamides, pentamidium

Answer 32

drug administration

Question 33

cardial failure, renal failure, hepatic failure

Answer 33

critical illnesses

Question 34

epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol

Answer 34

hormonal deficiency

Question 35

anti-bodies

Answer 35

autoimmune hypoglycemia

Question 36

disorder in the pancreatic BETA cells

Answer 36

endogenous hyperinsulinism

Question 37

leukemia, hepatoma, pheochromacytoma and lymphoma

Answer 37

non-BETA cells hypoglycemia

Question 38

rye's syndrome and galactocemia

Answer 38

Hypoglycemia of infant and childhood

Question 39

post-gastric surgery

Answer 39

alimentaria hypoglycemia

Question 40

episodes of hypoglycemia every 1 to 4 hours after meal

Answer 40

idiopathic postprandial hypoglycemia