Carbohydrates Flashcards
May be defined as alcohol or aldehyde derivatives of polyhydroxy alcohols or as compounds that yield these derivatives on hydrolysis. They are the most abundant molecules on earth produced by photosynthesis.
Carbohydrates
Means “containing several alcohol group”
POLYHYDROXY
NOMENCLATURE
Molecules having only one actual or potential sugar group.
Are the simplest carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
When two monosaccharides are combined together with elimination of a water molecule (dehydration)
Double sugar
Molecule formed by two monosaccharides,, or simple sugars
Disaccharide
Trisaccharides (3) Tetrasaccharides (4) Pentasaccharrides (5) and so on an,
They are commonly known as
Oligosaccharides
When more than 10 sugars units are combined
Large molecule made of many smaller monosaccharides
Also called a glycan
Polysaccharides
Sugars having aldehyde group
Aldoses
Sugars with keto group
Ketoses
Compounds having same molecular formula, but different in spatial configuration.
Stereoisomers
Are naturally occuring sugars.
Used to increase a persons blood sugar.
D- sugars
D-Glucose or Dextrose
Is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that non- superposable (not identical), much as one’s left and right hands are “ the same” but opposite.
Enantiomer
Are diastereomers that differ in configuration on only one stereogenic centre. They are a class stereoisomers that are non superposable, non - mirror images of one another.
Epimers
CLASSIFICATION OF CARBOHYDRATES (4)
MONOSACCHARIDES
DISACCHARIDES
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
POLYSACCHARIDES
Most predominant sugar in human body.
Its is the major source of energy.
From the Greek word for sweet wine; grape sugar, blood sugar, dextrose.
Glucose
Aldose, is a constituent of lactose (milk sugar).
Is converted to glucose in liver and then utilized as a fuel.
Greek word of milk-galact, found as a component of lactose in milk.
Galactose
