Carbohydrates Flashcards
State the three classes of carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides, Polysaccharides, Disaccharides
Which of the carbohydrate classes are simple and which are complex carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
Sucrose =
glucose + fructose
Lactose =
glucose + galactose
Maltose =
glucose + glucose
Identify which of the types of carbohydrate that you would NOT find in food
Galactose
Explain why it is important for the human body to be able to store glucose as glycogen in the muscles and liver.
if the body’s cells require glucose, then the glucose is released back into the bloodstream so that cells can access it and use it for immediate energy. We don’t need to eat between meals as the body is slowly releasing energy
Describe one differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides have one saccharide units , disaccharides have 2 saccharide units, polysaccharides have 10 or more saccharide units. Get energy faster from disaccharides and monosaccharides as there are less bonds that needed to be broken.
State three common sources of starch in our diet.
Potatoes, corn, pasta
food source of soluble fibre
Barley, beans, oats, flesh of sweet potato, flesh of a fig
food sources of insoluble fibre
Skin of a pear, skin of a kiwi fruit, skin of a carrot or a zucchini, cereals, lentils, whole meal/grain bread
what does soluble fibre do to faeces
absorbs water –> softens
what does insoluble fibre do to faeces
not digested so adds bulk
What is the ‘normal range’ for how often a human being should pass faeces?
Between 3 times a day to 3 times a week.
What is the definition of ‘constipation’?
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are hard to pass and infrequent.
The stool is often hard and dry (sitting in the large intestine for too long and the large intestine absorbs the water from the stool).
Symptoms of constipation can include abdominal pain, bloating.
Complications of constipation include hemorrhoids and diverticular disease.
