Carbohydrates Flashcards
What makes a carbohydrate more polar?
More OH groups
What is a stereoisomer?
The same chemical formula but arranged differently
What is meant by a chiral carbon?
A carbon with 4 different groups so isn’t superimposable
Where does the OH group have to be placed for D nomenclature?
-OH must be on right of final chiral carbon
Where does the cyclic form open and close?
On Carbon 1
What is the reaction in the cyclic carbohydrate form?
Reversable reaction between C=O and OH group
When is the cyclic form β?
When the -OH group is above the plane
When is the cyclic form α?
When the -OH group is below the plane
What is the anomeric carbon?
The first chiral carbon
What is the preferred conformation of glucose? and why?
The C1 chair conformation and β anomer. They minimise hinderance between large OH groups
Where is glycogen abundant?
In the liver and muscle cells
When is an optical isomer given D prefix?
Highest chiral carbon with OH group on right (droite)
What is produced from
reaction between alcohol and aldehyde (or ketone)?
hemiacetyls
What can break glycosidic linkage?
Hydrolyses with acid and heat or specific enzymes
What is inverted sugar?
Hydrolysed sucrose
