Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are some sources of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Potatoes, rice, grains and starchy foods

Question 2

Name off two examples of simple carbohydrates

Answer 2

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Question 3

Glucose is a major source of what?

Answer 3

Energy

Question 4

What’s commonly found in fruits?

Answer 4

Fructose

Question 5

What’s not normally found in nature alone but found in the disaccharide called lactose?

Answer 5

Galactose

Question 6

What foods contain monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Honey, cane sugar, dairy products, beans, and fruit

Question 7

What are disaccharides?

Answer 7

Sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose (malt sugar)

Question 8

What is maltose found in?

Answer 8

Beer, some breads and grains

Question 9

What is lactose found in?

Answer 9

Dairy products

Question 10

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides have how many molecules?

Answer 10

Monosaccharides only have 1 molecule

Disaccharides contain 2 molecules

Question 11

Name 3 examples of complex carbs

Answer 11

Starch, glycogen, and fiber

Question 12

What makes complex carbs different from monosaccharides or disaccharides?

Answer 12

Complex carbs contain more than 10 sugar molecules

Question 13

Complex carbs are also called what?

Answer 13

Polysaccharides

Question 14

What is starch?

Answer 14

The storage form of glucose in plants

Question 15

What is glucose?

Answer 15

A single sugar used in both plant and animal tissues for energy

Question 16

What’s the main source of fuel for the cells?

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

What are some starch foods?

Answer 17

Corn, potatoes, rice, beans, pasta, and grains

Question 18

What is glycogen made up of?

Answer 18

Many glucose units (single sugar)

Question 19

Glycogen is made and stored by what?

Answer 19

The liver and muscle tissues of humans

Question 20

Glycogen is NOT considered a complex carb in foods.

True or false?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is fiber?

Answer 21

Indigestible matter that survives digestion in the small intestine and then reaches the large intestine.

Question 22

What are the 2 categories that fiber is divided into?

Answer 22

Soluble & Insoluble

Question 23

What does soluble mean?

Answer 23

It can be dissolved in water

Question 24

What does insoluble mean?

Answer 24

It can’t dissolve in water

Question 25

Soluble fibers are-

Answer 25

Fermentable fibers

Question 26

It is believed that soluble fibers do what?

Answer 26

Decrease blood cholesterol and sugar levels, thus lowering the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes

Question 27

Insoluble fibers are-

Answer 27

Non-fermentable

Question 28

It’s believed that insoluble fibers do what?

Answer 28

Decrease risk of constipation and colon cancer because it decreases stool bulk and reduces transit time

Question 29

How can a decreased transit time decrease colon cancer risk?

Answer 29

A reduced transit time means shortened exposure to consumed carcinogens in the intestine which may lower colon cancer risk

Question 30

You should drink lots of fluids when eating fiber True or false?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the goal for a day’s fiber intake?

Answer 31

25-40 grams

Question 32

What is flatulence?

Answer 32

Bacteria producing gas

Question 33

What are oligosaccharides?

Answer 33

A component of fiber in plants

Question 34

How are oligosaccharides digested?

Answer 34

Not digested whenever they reach the colon and are fermented by flatulence

Question 35

What foods contain oligosaccharides?

Answer 35

Leeks, onions, asparagus, and beans

Question 36

Name an alternative sweetener

Answer 36

Sugar Alcohol

Question 37

What’s another name for sugar alcohol?

Answer 37

Nutritive sweetener

Question 38

Sugar alcohols are almost as sweet as sucrose (table sugar) but only provide have the calories True or false?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What’s the major advantage of sugar alcohols over sucrose?

Answer 39

They aren’t fermented by bacteria on the tooth surface, which causes less tooth decay

Question 40

Other alternative sweeteners have been developed to provide zero-calorie/low-calorie sweetening for foods and drinks. Because many of these sweeteners provide little to no calories, these sweeteners are also referred to as-

Answer 40

Non-nutritive sweeteners