Carbohydrates

Question 1

Most abundant biomolecules
in nature.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting:

Answer 2

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen

Question 3

Carbohydrates are produced by the process of _______________ in which six carbon sugars or hexoses are produced using energy of sunlight, green pigment chlorophyll, CO2 and H2O by green plants.

Answer 3

photosynthesis

Question 4

reactants in the process of photosynthesis

Answer 4

• sunlight
• carbon dioxide
• water

Question 5

products of photosynthesis

Answer 5

sugars and oxygen

Question 6

Carbohydrates are produced from _____________________________r by plants through the process of photosynthesis.

Answer 6

carbon dioxide and water

Question 7

The primary function of the carbohydrates in living organisms is as an ___________________.

Answer 7

energy source

Question 8

A functional group with one hydrogen and one oxygen atom.

Answer 8

Hydroxyl group

Question 9

It is the simplest and most common example of hydroxyl group.

Answer 9

water molecule or H2O

Question 10

-OH

Answer 10

Hydroxyl group

Question 11

C = O

Answer 11

Carbonyl group

Question 12

It is probably the most important functional group in organic chemistry.

Answer 12

carbonyl group

Question 13

It is found in carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, and vitamins—organic compounds critical to living systems.

Answer 13

carbonyl group

Question 14

It is composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent (an atom having two covalent bonds) at the C atom.

Answer 14

carbonyl group

Question 15

Primary members of carbonyl groups are:

Answer 15

• aldehydes
• ketones
• carboxylic acids

Question 16

Carbohydrates are often referred to as _______________, derived from the GReek word ____________, meaning “sugar”.

Answer 16

saccharides, sakcharon

Question 17

Monosaccharides are also called ___________________

Answer 17

“simple sugars”

Question 18

___________________ are the common base unit of all carbohydrate molecules. It cannot be broken down into smaller carbohydrate molecules.

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

Characteristic of Monosaccharides

Answer 19

soluble in water

Question 20

When the carbonyl group is linked to one alkyl or aryl group and one hydrogen atom, the resulting carbonyl compound is
called _____________.

Answer 20

aldehyde

Question 21

The general formula of an aldehyde is

Answer 21

R-CHO

Question 22

Carbonyl compounds in which the carbonyl carbon is linked to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Answer 22

Ketones

Question 23

The chemical formulae of ketones

Answer 23

R-(C=O)-R’

Question 24

H2O is used to break down bonds

Answer 24

Hydrolysis

Question 25

_______________ is formed by removing one hydrogen from the alkane chain. It is name by replacing the suffix -ane with -yl.

Answer 25

Alkyl group

Question 26

It is derived from the aromatic ring due
to the removal of a Hydrogen atom from the aromatic ring. These groups are usually found in cyclic form

Answer 26

Aryl group

Question 27

The ___________ represents any generic alkyl group, which is a group of atoms derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen atom.

Answer 27

R group

Question 28

When the functional group in monosaccharides is an aldehyde.

Answer 28

Aldoses

Question 29

When the functional group in monosaccharides is a ketone group

Answer 29

Ketoses

Question 30

Naturally occurring monosaccharides have _____________ carbon atoms . The most common are __________________ carbon.

Answer 30

three to seven, five and six