Carbohydrates Flashcards
(34 cards)
Which monosaccharide is found in the bloodstream and is responsible for producing energy in individual cells
Glucose
Which organ is responsible for producing insulin in sufficient amounts
Pancreas
Q: How many kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide?
A: Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories per gram
Q: What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?
A: The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45-65% of daily kilocalorie intake
Q: What is the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for carbohydrates for adults aged 19 to 30?
A: The DRI for carbohydrates is 130 grams per day
AMDR of kcal intake from fats
20-35%
AMDR of protein
10 - 35%
Q: What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates?
A: Carbohydrates have the formula CH₂O in a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Q: What are monosaccharides?
A: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates, often called single sugars, and include glucose, fructose, and galactose .
Q: What is the role of glucose in the body?
A: Glucose is the main source of energy for the brain and central nervous system .
Q: Where is galactose found, and what is its role?
A: Galactose is found in dairy products and reacts with glucose to form lactose
Q: What is fructose, and where is it commonly found?
A: Fructose is a non-reducing sugar found in fruits that reacts with glucose to form sucrose
Q: What are disaccharides, and can you give examples?
A: Disaccharides are sugars formed when two monosaccharides react. Examples include sucrose (glucose + fructose), maltose (glucose + glucose), and lactose (glucose + galactose) .
Q: What are polysaccharides, and what are some examples?
A: Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates. Examples include starch and fiber .
Q: What is starch, and where is it found?
A: Starch is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants and is found in grains, legumes, and some vegetables .
Q: Why can’t humans digest fiber?
A: Human digestive enzymes cannot break down the bonds in plant fibers, so fiber passes through the body without providing calories or nutrients .
Q: What are some food sources of dietary fiber?
A: Whole grains, brown rice, whole-wheat pasta, vegetables, beans, fruits like apples and bananas, and seeds .
Q: What are the health benefits of unprocessed carbohydrates like whole grains, vegetables, and fruits?
A: They promote good health by delivering vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytonutrients
Examples of processed foods
A: White bread, pastries, sodas, and other highly processed or refined foods, which may contribute to weight gain and diseases like diabetes .
Q: What role do carbohydrates play in energy production?
A: Carbohydrates are broken down to provide glucose for energy. Simple carbs provide a quick burst of energy, while complex carbs provide energy more slowly .
Q: How do carbohydrates affect brain function?
A: The brain uses 20% of the body’s energy, and carbohydrates provide the glucose needed for proper brain function .
Q: How do complex carbohydrates help with weight control?
A: Complex carbs keep you full for longer periods, helping to control appetite and manage weight
Q: How do complex carbohydrates like fiber lower the risk of disease?
A: Fiber lowers cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of diabetes
Q: What happens to carbohydrates during digestion?
A: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream .
