Carbohydrates Flashcards
(18 cards)
Why is carbon so structurally important for bio molecules?
Can form 4 covalent bonds with atoms - can be single, double or triple, and can form branches and rings
This versatility is commonly used as a backbone for bio molecules
Organic vs Inorganic
Organic - contains carbon and hydrogen both
Inorganic - does not have carbon and/or hydrogen
Functional groups definition
Parts of organic molecules which are involved in chemical reactions
Hydroxl group
-OH
Carboxyl group
O
//
- C
\
OH
Amine
H
/
- N
\
H
Phosphate group
O
║
- O-P-O⁻
║
O⁻
Features of hydrocarbons (Polarity, solubility, stability attraction ect.)
- Non polar molecules
- Not solubule in water
- Stable
- Hydrophobic
- Little attraction between molecules
Monosaccharides + 3 examples + main function
Simple sugars which are made up of few carbons and is the basic unit that all other carbohydrates are made up of.
1) Fructose
2) Glucose
3) Galactose
Function - energy source
Disaccharides + 3 examples + main function
2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together
1) Lactose
2) Sucrose
3) Maltose
Function - transport form
Polysaccharides + 3 examples + main function
Many monosaccharides covalently bonded together
1) Cellulose
2) Glycogen
3) Starch
Function - storage form
Are monosaccharides polar or non-polar?
Polar since there is the presence of many hydroxyl groups
Structural isomers + example
Molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space.
e.g. Alpha and Beta glucose
How do glucose and glucose react to form maltose?
Condensation reaction - water is formed from bonding of 2 glucose, which form glycosidic bond between 1st and 4th C atoms.
Describe hydrolysis
Water is broken into H and OH and is used to break bonds between monomers
Starch types, structure, and function
Types - amylopectin, amylose
Structure - made up of alpha glucose monomers
- Amylose = 1-4 bonds, unbranched
- Amylopectin = 1-4 AND 1-6 bonds, branched
Function - Glucose source for animals for respiration, and storage form for plants
Glycogen structure and function
Structure - Made up of alpha glucose monosaccharides, has 1-4 AND 1-6 glycosidic bonds, highly branched
Function - storage form in liver in vertebrates of glucose
Cellulose structure, and function
Structure - Made up of beta glucose monosaccharides, has 1-4 glycosidic bonds, not branched. - Packed tightly in long chains by hydrogen bonds - strong
Function
