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unit 2 biology > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what atoms make up carbohydrates ?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

name the three types of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose and galactose

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3
Q

how many carbons are in glucose?

A

6

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4
Q

what kind of monosaccharide is glucose?

A

hexoe

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5
Q

what is an isomer ?

A

molecules that have the same molecular formula but have a different arrangement in space

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6
Q

what are the twp types of glucose ?

A

alpha glucose and beta glucose

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7
Q

how many carbons does ribose have ?

A

5

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8
Q

what kind of monosaccharide is ribose ?

A

pentose

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9
Q

what is the reaction where water is lost?

A

condensation reaction

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10
Q

what is lost when two monosaccharides join to make a disaccharide ?

A

h2o

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11
Q

what do you do to turn a disaccharide back to a monosaccharide ?

A

hydrolise it ( add water)

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12
Q

what are the three polysaccharides ?

A

cellulose, starch and glycogen

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13
Q

what is starch used for ?

A

the main storage in plants

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14
Q

what is glycogen used for ?

A

main storage in animal and fungus cells

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15
Q

what is cellulose used for ?

A

structure for cells in plants

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16
Q

what are the two types of starch ?

A

amylose and amylopectin

17
Q

what is the structure of amylose ?

A

helix shape

18
Q

what is the structure of amylopectin ?

A

branched due to linking between chains after every 25 molecule of glucose

19
Q

what is the function of amylose’s structure ?

A

the helix means it is packed in tight therefore a good storage molecule

20
Q

what is the function of amylopectin’s structure ?

A

branched ends means the molecules protude so hydrolysed easily therefore allows rapid release of glucose so it useful to provide energy via respiration

21
Q

what is the structure of glycogen ?

A

many more branches and shorter branches than amylopectin . more compact

22
Q

what is the function of glycogens structure ?

A

structure allows faster hydrolysis than starch . this is important because mammals will need emergency glucose quicker than plants.

23
Q

what is the structure of cellulose ?

A

long unbranched chains that are then linked together by hydrogen binds

24
Q

why are the hydrogen bonds in cellulose good ?

A

the hydrogen bonds mean there is strong microfibrils that provide good tensile strength

25
Q

what is the function of the structure of cellulose ?

A

the hydrogen bonds cause good mechanical strength that provides the structure needed for cell walls

26
Q

which type of glucose is in starch ?

A

alpha glucose

27
Q

which type of glucose is in cellulose ?

A

beta glucose

28
Q

name the three disaccharides

A

maltose, sucrose and lactose

29
Q

what is maltose made from ?

A

two alpha glucose

30
Q

what is sucrose made from ?

A

fructose and glucose

31
Q

what is lactose made from ?

A

galactose and glucose

unit 2 biology (10 decks)

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