Carbohydrates Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the approximate C:H:O ratio in a carbohydrate?
1:2:1
Can a carbohydrate be composed of C,H and O?
Yes
What is a carbohydrate?
A sugar
What are three functions of a carbohydrate?
- Stores energy in chemical bonds
- Most common monosacharide
- Produced by plants
Glucose+glucose=?
Maltose, found in candy and soda
Glucose+fructose=?
Sucrose, table sugar
Glucose+galactose=?
`Lactose, found in diary
What is starch?
A polysaccharide is a plant storage form of energy.
What is cellulose roughage?
Fiber, you can’t digest this so it comes out the other end. Crucial bc it helps you poop
What is the structure of a monosaccharide?
An OH group that is attached to each carbon except fro one b/c it is double bonded to an oxygen
In aqueous solutions, many monosaccharides form…?
Rings
What is a disaccharide?
A double sugar that consist of 2 monosaccharides, joined by a glycosidic linkage
What reaction forms the glycosidic reaction? Explain this reaction.
Condensation which is pulling a water out to covalently bond something together
List 2 examples of a disachharide
Galactose+frucstose
Define a polysacchiride
Polymers of a few hundred or a few thousand monosacchirides
What is the function of a polysaccharide?
Energy storage molecules for structural support
Describe dehydration synthesis (aka condensation) in two monsaccharides (honestly just read the answer first)
the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of another monomer, releasing a molecule of water in the process. The removal of a hydrogen from one monomer and the removal of a hydroxyl group from the other monomer allows the monomers to share electrons and form a covalent bond. Thus, the monomers that are joined together are being dehydrated to allow for synthesis of a larger molecule.
What functional group is typically seen in a carbohydrate?
Carbonyl. C–O (polar)
