Carbohydrates Flashcards
(17 cards)
The simplest carbohydrate
Glycol aldehyde
Most common non reducing sugar
Sucrose
What is released in the exocrine function of the pancreas?
Enzymes (Lipase, Amylase)
Hyperglycemic hormones
"GAG CHET" Glucagon ACTH GH Cortisol Human Placental Lactogen Epinephrine Thyroxine
What happens to the electrolytes if the patient is hyperglycemic (>126 mg/dL)?
DECREASED sodium (polyuria) and bicarbonate (deep respiration) INCREASED potassium
Blood glucose level where observable symptoms of hypoglycemia appear?
50 - 55 mg/dL
Blood glucose level in infants that is considered abnormal and requires diagnostic assessment?
< 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L)
What is the Whipple’s triad that has been the criteria for diagnosis of hypoglycemia?
“LaToS”
Low blood glucose
Typical symptoms
Symptoms alleviated by glucose concentration
Ratio of BHA to AA in severe DM
6:1
Other names for Type 1 DM
"JBIK" Juvenile Onset Brittle IDDM Ketosis-Prone
Induce symptomatic type 1 DM
80-90 % reduction of beta cells
Genetic association of Type 1 DM
HLA -DR3 and DR4
What are the multiple antibodies that have high tigers in Type 1 DM?
"GMIC" (+)Glutamic Acid decarboxylase 65 (+)Microalbuminuria = 50- 200 mg/24 hrs (Diabetic nephropathy) (+)Insulin autoantibodies (-)C-peptide
Complications of Type 1 DM
"NeNeRe" Microvascular disorders: Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy
Other name for Type 2 DM
"NARSK" NIDDM Adult type/Mature Onset Receptor-deficient Stable Kerosine-Resistant
Hyperglycemia due to an individual’s resistant to insulin: insulin deficiency?
Type 2 DM
Strong genetic predisposition; Geneticist’s nightmare
Type 2 DM
