Carbohydrates Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the basic monomer of a carbohydrate called?
a monosaccharide
What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?
(CH2O)n
Name three monosaccharides.
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
Name three disaccharides and what they are formed from.
- Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
- Glucose + Galactose = Lactose
- Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose.
What is the bond which forms in a condensation reaction called?
Glycosidic bond.
Test for reducing sugars
Benedict’s Reagent
What is a reducing sugar?
a sugar that can donate electrons to another chemical
What colour is shown when a reducing sugar is present?
Brick red
Test for non-reducing sugars
Benedict’s Reagent + dilute hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogencarbonate solution
Name three polysaccharides.
- Starch
- Cellulose
- Glycogen.
Polysaccharides are insoluble which makes them suitable for…?
storage
What is starch made from?
a-glucose
Test for starch
Iodine solution test
If starch is presence what colour will iodine solution go?
blue-black
Property of starch chains
branched and unbranched
Name 5 ways in which starch is adapted to its function.
- Insoluble (doesn’t affect the water potential)
- Large (doesn’t diffuse out of cells)
- Compact (can be stored in small spaces)
- Hydrolysed to a-glucose which is easily transported
- Branched form has many ends to be acted upon by enzymes.
How is Glycogen different to starch?
- Only found in animals
- Shorted chains
- More highly branched.
Name 4 ways in which glycogen is adapted to its function.
- insoluble (so does not draw in water)
- insoluble (does not diffuse out of cells)
- compact (increase storage)
- highly branched
What is cellulose made up of?
B-glucose
Name three ways the structure of cellulose is suited to its function.
- B-glucose so forms long straight parallel, unbranched chains,
- Hydrogen bonds provide collective strength
- Molecules are grouped to form micro-fibrils which are grouped to form fibres adding more strength.
