Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Meharry Biochem > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

Lecture 1 (62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the general imperical formula of sugar

A

CH2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

I have 4 carbons how many H, and O will be present in the sugar?

A

C4H8O4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 5 functions of sugars

A

1, Energy store

  1. Energy source
  2. Part of RNA/ DNA
  3. Structual elements of cells wall
  4. Enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F sugars are classified based on # of sugar units

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1 sugar unit -

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 sugar units

A

disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3-10 sugar units =

A

oligosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

10 + sugar units =

A

polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

classify glycogen and starch based on # of sugar units

A

polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

classify maltose based on # of sugar units

A

disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

classify sucrose based on # of sugar units

A

dissaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

classify lactose based on # of sugar units

A

disaccahride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

classify glucose based on # of sugar units

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

classify fructose base on # of sugar units

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

classify galactose based on # of sugar units

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

classify mannose based on # of sugar units

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C3(H2O)3 or C3H6O3 label based on # of carbons

A

Triose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C4(H2O)4 or C4H8O4 label based on # of carbons

A

Tetrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

C5(H2O)5 or C5H10O label based on # of carbons

A

Pentose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

C6(H2O)6 or C6H12O6 label based on # of carbons

A

Hexose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

C7(H2O)7 or C7H14O7 label based on # of carbons

A

Heptose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 2 possible functional groups on a sugar

A

aldehyde or ketone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Aldoses (e.g., glucose) have an ____ group at ____

A

Aldoses (e.g., glucose) have an aldehyde group at one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ketoses (e.g., fructose) have a____ usually at _____

A

Ketoses (e.g., fructose) have a keto group, usually at C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is an isomer?
 Compounds with the same molecular formula | but different molecular structures
26
T/F isomers must contain a stereocenter?
False!
27
What is a stereoisomer?
Compounds with same molecular formula and the same structural formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of the atoms in the molecule
28
T/F stereoisomers must contain a stereocenter
true
29
What is an enantiomer?
Two stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable | mirror images of one another
30
Are meso compounds active or inactive
inactive
31
What is a meso compound
Meso compound: Stereoisomers that are superimposable mirror images. They are optically inactive.
32
What is a diastereoisomer?
Two stereoisomers but not mirror images on | each other
33
T/F enantiomers have opposite configurations at all | stereocenters
true !
34
T/F diastereomers have opposite configurations at some but not all, stereocenters]
True!
35
What is an epimer
Diastereomers that differ in the configuration | around a single asymmetric C atom only
36
An optical isomer rotates to the right, what is it considered
right --- dextrorotatory [designated as “+”]
37
An optical isomer rotates to the left. what is it considered
left --- levorotatory [designated as “-”]
38
T/F: there is no relation between D or L form of sugar with the dextrorotatory (+)or levorotatory (-) optical rotation]
True
39
Which carbon do we look at to see if a sugar is d or l
the penultimate! So if 6 carbons, look at carbon 5
40
How do I tell if a sugar is D or L?
look at the penultimate carbon. If OH is on the right its a D and if the OH is on the left its an L
41
In regards to the number of carbons, which types of sugars will cyclize?
Pentoses and hexoses
42
what type of bond do we see in a cyclized sugar
hemiacetal
43
a hemiacetyl bond is due to the reaction between an _____ or _____ and an _____ group .
a hemiacetly bond is due to the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone and an OH group
44
glucose can form what 2 kinds of rings
furanose or puranose
45
describe furanose
5 member ring, bond between c1 and c4
46
describe pyranose
6 member ring, bond between c1 and c5
47
What 2 kind of cyclical structures can fructose make, how many carobons and where are the bonds ?
furanonse 5 member ring, bond between c2 and c5 and pyranose 6 member ring, bond between c3 and c6
48
what kind of bonds link sugars
glycosidic bonds
49
what kind of bonds are in cyclical structures
hemiacytal bonds
50
What happens at the c1 when cycalization occurs
a new symetric center is formed at c1
51
How can i tell if anomers are alpha or beta?
``` alpha = below the ring beta = above the ring ```
52
How do you know if a sugar is L or D when looking at a ring structure
if the CH20H aka carbon 6 is above the ring its a D, if its below the ring its an L
53
How you know if a sugar is alpha or beta when looking at a ring structure?
If the anomeric OH is above the ring its beta , if the OH is below the ring it is alpha.
54
what is an epimer
Epimers: different configuration in just one chiral carbon
55
Anomers are simply special types of epimers T/F
True
56
What are Anomers: different configuration in the chiral, anomericcarbon when the molecule is in the cyclic form
different configuration in the chiral, anomeric carbon when the molecule is in the cyclic form
57
the glycosidic bonds are between which 2 carbons
1, 4
58
Describe what makes up a glycosidic linkage
Bond formed between the OH group of anomeric carbon of monosaccharide and the OH group of another compound
59
What is a N glycosidic bond
Bond formed between the OH group of anomeric carbon | and the nitrogen of an amine
60
what 2 sugars make up lactose
glucose and galactose
61
what 2 sugars make up sucrose
glucose and fructose
62
what makes something a reducing sugar
A sugar is classified as a reducing sugar only if it has an openchain form with an ALDEHYDE group or a free (anomeric C).

Meharry Biochem (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions