Carbohydrates and Blood Glucose Regulation

Question 1

All carbohydrates contain…

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

Monosaccharides

Answer 2

Single sugar molecules

Question 3

General formula of monosaccharides

Answer 3

CnH2nOn

Question 4

Triose

Answer 4

3-carbon sugar

Question 5

Pentose

Answer 5

5-carbon sugar

Question 6

Hexose

Answer 6

6-carbon sugar

Question 7

Specific example of a triose

Answer 7

Glyceraldehyde

Question 8

Specific examples of pentoses

Answer 8

Ribose, deoxyribose

Question 9

Specific examples of hexoses

Answer 9

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 10

Isomer

Answer 10

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures

Question 11

-OH group is ______ in alpha glucose

Answer 11

Below

Question 12

Two monosaccharides bonded together make a…

Answer 12

Disaccharide

Question 13

Many monosaccharides bonded together make a…

Answer 13

Polysacccaride

Question 14

Type of bond that joins monosaccharide molecules together

Answer 14

Glycosidic

Question 15

Alpha glucose + alpha glucose makes…

Answer 15

Maltose

Question 16

Glucose + fructose makes…

Answer 16

Sucrose

Question 17

Glucose + galactose makes…

Answer 17

Lactose

Question 18

Type of reaction that bonds

Answer 18

Condensation

Question 19

Type of reaction that separates monosaccharides from each other…

Answer 19

Hydrolysis

Question 20

Condensation reactions _______ water

Answer 20

Release

Question 21

Hydrolysis reactions ____ water

Answer 21

Use

Question 22

Very specific bond that hold glucose molecules together in maltose…

Answer 22

1,4 glycosidic bond

Question 23

Polysaccharide used for glucose storage (and therefor energy storage)

Answer 23

Glycogen

Question 24

Glycogen is mainly found in the…

Answer 24

Liver

Question 25

Polymers are made of many identical repeating units called...

Answer 25

Monomers

Question 26

Special bond that allows glycogen to branch...

Answer 26

1,6 glycosidic bond

Question 27

Glycogen is helical, so...

Answer 27

Compact

Question 28

Glycogen is insoluble in water...

Answer 28

So is osmotically inactive

Question 29

Branched

Answer 29

Glucose is easily released from ends for respiration

Question 30

Large molecule

Answer 30

Cannot escape from cell across plasma membrane

Question 31

Endocrine glands

Answer 31

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 32

Hormone

Answer 32

Chemical messenger secreted by endocrine gland that travels to its target through the blood

Question 33

Insulin is produced by...

Answer 33

Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 34

Main target cells for insulin

Answer 34

Liver cells, skeletal msucle cells

Question 35

Insulin

Answer 35

Hormone that lowers blood glucose concentration

Question 36

Proper name for the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Answer 36

Glycogenesis

Question 37

Glucagon

Answer 37

Hormone that raises blood glucose concentrations

Question 38

Glucagon is produced by...

Answer 38

Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 39

Cells that glucagon acts on...

Answer 39

Liver cells only

Question 40

Proper name for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Answer 40

Glycogenolysis

Question 41

Negative feedback

Answer 41

Response to a change that reverses the direction of a change back down to an optimum level

Question 42

Homeostasis

Answer 42

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 43

Internal environment

Answer 43

The environment within the body in which the cells exist

Question 44

If there is too much glucose in the blood...

Answer 44

Blood cells will lose water by osmosis and shrivel up

Question 45

If there is not enough glucose in the blood...

Answer 45

Blood cells will swell by taking up water by osmosis, also there will not be enough glucose for respiration, so body lacks energy

Question 46

Untreated diabetics often have unusually high blood glucose concentrations because...

Answer 46

Insulin is not produced, or target cells don't respond to insulin

Question 47

Making or breaking down glycogen is actually catalysed by...

Answer 47

Enxymes