Carbohydrates and Glucose

Question 1

An aldehyde or ketones derivatives of polyhydroxy-alcohol

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Carboydrates are composed of

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

Question 3

MAJOR food source & energy supply of the body (but not the only source of energy)

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Examples of Monosaccharide

Answer 4

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Question 5

2 monosaccharides are called

Answer 5

Disaccharides

Question 6

Disaccharides are joined together by

Answer 6

Glycosidic bond/linkage

Question 7

Glycosidic bond that is oriented Down

Answer 7

Alpha

Question 8

Glycosidic bond that is oriented Up

Answer 8

Beta

Question 9

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 9

Sucrose

Question 10

Sucrose has what type of glycosidic bond

Answer 10

Alpha glycosidic bond

Question 11

Example of sucrose

Answer 11

Table sugar

Question 12

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 12

Lactose

Question 13

Lactose has what type of glycosidic bond

Answer 13

Beta

Question 14

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 14

Maltose

Question 15

Maltose has what type of glycosidic bond

Answer 15

Alpha

Question 16

Carbohydrates containing ≥ 3 monosaccharides units

Answer 16

Polysaccharides

Question 17

• A repeating glucose unit
• Found in cells of nearly all PLANTS
• Cannot be digested by human

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

Cellulose is what kind of polysaccharide?

Answer 18

Straight chain, unbranched

Question 19

• A repeating glucose unit
• Major form of polysaccharides found in ANIMALS/ HUMAN
• Majority are stored in the Liver and some in muscles

Answer 19

Glycogen

Question 20

Glycogen is what type of polysaccharide?

Answer 20

Branched

Question 21

• Main polysaccharide
• found in SEEDS/ ROOTS OF PLANTS

Answer 21

Starch

Question 22

Types of starch and their percentage

Answer 22

Amylose (20%)
Amylopectin (80%)

Question 23

Amylose is

Answer 23

unbranched

Question 24

Amylopectin is

Answer 24

Branched

Question 25

Functional group is at the END of carbon chain

Answer 25

Aldehyde (Aldose)

Question 26

Functional group is in between the 2 carbon groups

Answer 26

Ketones (Ketose)

Question 27

Medically important carbohydrate as the entire function of the brain is glucose dependent

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

How many glucose is utilized by the brain during resting/ sleeping period?

Answer 28

1/2 to 2/3

Question 29

Primary energy source of human

Answer 29

Glucose

Question 30

T/F: Glucose is the only carbohydrate DIRECTLY used as energy

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Glucose is stored as glycogen in

Answer 31

Liver and Muscles

Question 32

By the help of __, glucose can enter the cell

Answer 32

Insulin

Question 33

Metabolism of glucose to form energy

Answer 33

Glycolysis

Question 34

Effects on glucose level: Glycolysis

Answer 34

Decreased BG

Question 35

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate source (protein, amino acids/ lipids)

Answer 35

Gluconeogenesis

Question 36

Effects on glucose level: Gluconeogenesis

Answer 36

Increased BG

Question 37

Breakdown of glycogen (forming more glucose)

Answer 37

Glycogenolysis

Question 38

Effects on glucose level: Glycogenolysis

Answer 38

Increased BG

Question 39

Formation of glycogen (to store excess glucose by converting multiple glucose to glycogen)

Answer 39

Glycogenesis

Question 40

Effects on glucose level: Glycogenesis

Answer 40

Decreased BG

Question 41

Conversion of carbohydrate to fatty acids

Answer 41

Lipogenesis

Question 42

Effects on glucose level: Lipogenesis

Answer 42

Decreased BG

Question 43

Decomposition or breakdown of fats (occurs if glucose is insufficient/ absent)

Answer 43

Lipolysis

Question 44

Effects on glucose level: Lipolysis

Answer 44

Increased BG

Question 45

(occurs if glucose is insufficient/ absent) Fats will be utilized instead of glucose to form energy forming __ as a byproduct

Answer 45

Ketones

Question 46

Increase ketones = Ketosis will lead to

Answer 46

coma