Carbohydrates and Lipids (Biomolecules)

Question 1

What’s a double bond?

Answer 1

A chemical bond where two pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms

Question 2

What are function groups?

Answer 2

Groups that attach to a carbon and making it reactive

Question 3

What are the five functional groups?

Answer 3

Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, and Ester

Question 4

What happens in a condensation reaction?

Answer 4

It’s a reaction where a covalent bond is formed, creating a drop of water (water is extracted)

Question 5

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 5

A reaction where a covalent bond is broken down by adding water

Question 6

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 6

Simple sugars

Question 7

Give 3 examples of monosaccharides

Answer 7

Glucose, Fructose, and Ribose

Question 8

What’s a disaccharide?

Answer 8

Two simple sugars joined together by a glycosidic link

Question 9

Give 3 examples of disaccharides

Answer 9

Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose

Question 10

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 10

A lot (1,000s) of simple sugars joined together

Question 11

What is glycosidic linkage?

Answer 11

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

Question 12

Give 3 examples of polysaccharide

Answer 12

Glycogen, Starch, and Cellulose

Question 13

What are isomer compounds?

Answer 13

One, two, or more compounds with the same chemical formula but different arrangements

Question 14

What is a hexose?

Answer 14

A monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms in a molecule

Question 15

What is a pentose?

Answer 15

A monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms in a molecule

Question 16

What is starch made up of?

Answer 16

Amylose and Amylopectin

Question 17

What kind of chain does amylose have?

Answer 17

Unbranched chain

Question 18

What kind of chain does amylopectin have?

Answer 18

Shorter, branched chains

Question 19

What is glycogen?

Answer 19

A large and unbranched polymer of alpha glucose

Question 20

What kind of molecule is glycogen?

Answer 20

A storage molecule that’s easily broken down into glucose

Question 21

What is cellulose?

Answer 21

A polymer made up of beta-glucose

Question 22

What is a glycoprotein?

Answer 22

A membrane protein with a sugar coating

Question 23

What is an antigen?

Answer 23

Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance (a foreign object)

Question 24

What is an antibody?

Answer 24

A protein produced by blood plasma cells that bind to an antigen to help destroy it

Question 25

What does it mean when blood agglutinates?

Answer 25

When someone receives the wrong blood type in transfusion and the blood cells clump together in response

Question 26

What's a triglyceride?

Answer 26

A type of fat found in the blood (an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids)

Question 27

What's the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 27

Saturated fatty acid -- all carbons are saturated with hydrogen and there are no double bonds between the carbons Unsaturated fatty acid -- not fully saturated and there are double bonds between the carbons

Question 28

What's a phospholipid made up of?

Answer 28

1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and 1 phosphate

Question 29

What do phospholipids make?

Answer 29

The cell membrane

Question 30

What is a steroid?

Answer 30

A type of lipid derived from cholesterol

Question 31

What type of hormone is estradiol?

Answer 31

A female sex hormone

Question 32

What type of hormone is testosterone?

Answer 32

A male sex hormone

Question 33

What are the properties of carbon that make it most suitable for the formation of diverse molecules and the basis of life?

Answer 33

It has 4 valence electrons that can form bonds with other molecules and itself

Question 34

When do condensation reactions occur in biological systems?

Answer 34

In the creation of large molecules

Question 35

When do hydrolysis reactions occur in biological systems?

Answer 35

In the destruction of large molecules

Question 36

What is the function of monosaccharides?

Answer 36

To produce and store energy

Question 37

What are the two structural forms of glucose?

Answer 37

Chain and open-ring

Question 38

What is the function of cellulose?

Answer 38

To provide strength and rigidity to the plant cell wall

Question 39

What about cellulose's molecular structure makes it suitable for structural support in a cell?

Answer 39

It has a long cable like structure that overlaps make a good solid structure

Question 40

How are antigens (glycoproteins) important for cell-cell recognition?

Answer 40

They allow the two cells to communicate

Question 41

What about lipids' structure makes them generally insoluble in water?

Answer 41

Lipids are not polar

Question 42

How are triglycerides and phospholipids formed and broken down?

Answer 42

Condensation and hydrolysis reactions

Question 43

Are steroids able to pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

What is the molecular make of steroids?

Answer 44

3 hexagons and 1 pentagon

Question 45

Whats the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 45

Monosaccharides

Question 46

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 46

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 47

How many single bonds can carbon form?

Answer 47

4

Question 48

2 examples of pentose monosaccharides

Answer 48

Deoxyribose and Ribose

Question 49

Give an example of hexose monosaccharides?

Answer 49

Glucose

Question 50

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 50

Energy storage, production and cell structure

Question 51

2 examples of 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Answer 51

Amylose and Cellulose

Question 52

2 examples of 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Answer 52

Glycogen and Amylopectin

Question 53

Blood containing glycoprotein A can be transfused into which person?

Answer 53

Type A and AB

Question 54

What is the name of the bond between a glycerol and 3 saturated fatty acids?

Answer 54

An ester bond