carbon Flashcards
(22 cards)
largest store of carbon
earth’s crust
greatest flux of carbon
photosynthesis
fast carbon cycle
photosynthesis, respiration, digestion, decomposition, combustion
ocean - atmosphere exchange
slow carbon cycle
transfer between oceans and atmosphere, deposition of carbon compounds on the ocean floor, conversion of ocean sediments to rock, transfer of rocks to tectonic margins, return of carbon compounds to atmosphere through volcanic eruptions
biological pump
uptake of carbon by marine organisms (phytoplankton) and its eventual transfer to deeper ocean layers.
carbonate pump
related to the production and dissolution of calcium carbonate in the ocean, especially by marine organisms which form shells.
physical pump
driven by oceans ability to store co2, co2 dissolves in sea water especially in cold, high latitude regions.
upwelling and downwelling
carbon is moved
vertically - pumps
horizontally - thermohaline currents
dynamic equilibrium
carbon cycle in balance, although carbon is moving in and out of stores as a whole the magnitude of the stores remains constant.
arctic amplification
arctic has warmed 4x more than the global average sinces the 70’s. addittional heat absorbed by the sea around it as it reduces in its extent
is UK energy secure
imports - 36%
againg nuclear plants are being phased out
reliant on dwindling north sea gas
susecptible to change in global prices
energy security
the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an afforadble price
reliable, accessible, affordable, sustainable, self-sufficient, stability
trends in global energy demand
global demand is increasing, fossil fuels are increasing, majority of worlds demand is still met through fossil fuels
overall trends in co2 emissions
overall increasing
eu using stratergies to reduce them
global emissoions have increased by 60% since 1990
more industry more people
usa and china use the most but saudi arabia, venezuela, cabada and russia have the most
us and china need to import to meet needs
western europe relies heavily on imports produces little
how can consumption of energy be measured
terawatt hours
tonnes of oil equivalent
top 5 countries for energy consumption globally
china
us
india
russia
japan
top 5 countries per capita
iceland
norway
kuwait
qatar
UAE
energy mix
a combination of different available energy sources used to meet a countries needs. exact proportions vary from country to country and is an important component of energy security
primary vs secondary
primary - found in nature not converted
secondary - forms produced from primary sources such as electricity
domestic vs overseas
domestic- sourced within a countries boarders - leads to higher energy security
overseas - imported - ca expose a country to global supply risks
energy pathway
flow of energy from producer to consumer
choke points
a narrow passage way or strategic route which a large volume of energy resoucres passes through
