CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

Question 1

NAR REACTIVITY DEPENDS ON

Answer 1

– Group ( EWG )
Crowding

Question 2

HCN reacts in presence of

Answer 2

Base ( OH- ) since HCN is weak acid and reacts slowly.
KCN/H+ can be used as alternative

Question 3

NaHSO³

Answer 3

All aldehydes
Aliphatic methyl ketone
( Na+ HSO³- )

Question 4

Intermediate in rcn with ROH dry HCl

Answer 4

Hemiacetal or Hemiketal
( OR OH )

Question 5

Stable gem diols ( H²O / H+ )

Answer 5

CCl³-CHO , CF³-CHO , CF³-CO-CF³ ( due to H bonding )
Nin Hydrin ( consecutive C=O )
Cyclopropanone ( due to angle strain )

Question 6

Reaction condition for Ammonia & it’s derivatives
( NH²-Z )

Answer 6

Acidic ( pH 3-5 )

C=N-Z

Question 7

2,4 DNP

Answer 7

2,4 dinitro phenyl hydrazine
Also k/as BRADDY’S REAGENT
Test for aldehyde and ketone
( -ve for glucose )

Question 8

Formation of Urotropin

Answer 8

6HCHO + 4NH³ → (CH²)⁶N⁴

( Medicine for urinal tract infection )

Question 9

Products with R-MgX

Answer 9

Aldehyde → 2° alcohol
Ketone → 3° alcohol

Question 10

Number of RH produced & number of RMgX consumed

Answer 10

RH - number of acidic Hydrogen
RMgX - aldehydes and ketones present

Question 11

Tests for carbonyl compounds
Mechanism followed

Answer 11

1.Haloform Test
2.Tollen’s test
3.Fehling solution
4.Benedict’s test
5.Schiff’s reagent
6.HgCl²

Oxidation

Question 12

Tollen’s reagent

Answer 12

Ammoniacal AgNO³

NH⁴OH + AgNH³

Ag(NH³)²

Question 13

Compounds giving tollen’s test

Answer 13

Aldehyde
Terminal alkyne
HCOOH
Hydroxy ketone
Ph-NH-OH

Question 14

Muliken Barker test

Answer 14

Test for Ph-NO²
Zn +NH⁴Cl → Ph-NH-OH + TR → Ph-NO

Question 15

Fehling Solution

Answer 15

Aq. CuSO⁴ + Rochelle Salt ( sodium potassium tartarate )

Blue solution

Aldehyde only ( except Ar-CHO )

Question 16

Benedicts test

Answer 16

Aq. CuSO⁴ + sodium citrate + Na²CO³

Question 17

Schiffs Reagent

Answer 17

p-rosaniline hydrochloride ( magenta pink dye )

Schiff + SO² → decolourise

Aldehyde recolourise

Question 18

HgCl² test

Answer 18

Aldehydes

Question 19

H+/KMnO⁴ or H+/K²Cr²O⁷

Answer 19

Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid

Question 20

Do ketones react with H+/KMnO⁴

Answer 20

Yes in drastic conditions ( POPOFF’S RULE )

Less ‘C’ chain gets C=O

Question 21

Reduction into =CH²

Answer 21

Wolf Kieshner ( Zn-Hg/Conc.HCl )
Clemmenson ( NH²-NH² /OH- )
Red P +HI

Question 22

Reduction into =CH-OH

Answer 22

LiAlH⁴
NaBH⁴
H²/Ni
C²H⁵OH/Na

Question 23

NaBH⁴ reacts with

Answer 23

Aldehyde
Ketone
Acid halide

Question 24

Non polar bonds are reduced by

Question 25

DiBAl-H

Answer 25

Ester / alkane nitrile → aldehyde

Question 26

Conditions & Reagents in Aldol Condensation

Answer 26

Atleast 1 alpha H Dil. NaOH / KOH Ba(OH)² / Ca(OH)² Na²CO³ / K²CO³

Question 27

Cannizzaro reaction

Answer 27

No alpha H Conc. NaOH / KOH Redox type

Question 28

Tollen's Reaction

Answer 28

Aldol + Cannizzaro CH³-CHO + HCHO → C(CH²-OH)⁴

Question 29

Claisen Condensation

Answer 29

2 ester + RONa / ROH → Beta Keto Ester

Question 30

PERKIN'S REACTION

Answer 30

Aromatic aldehyde + aliphatic anhydride

Question 31

Benzoin condensation

Answer 31

Ar-CHO + KCN ∆ → 2 hydroxy 1,2 diphenyl ethanone

Question 32

TISCHENKO Rcn

Answer 32

Aldehyde Al(C²H⁵O)³ → Ester

Question 33

-CHO/-CO- → gem dihalide

Answer 33

PCl⁵ / SOCl²

Question 34

Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketone

Answer 34

1. Hydration of ALKYNE 2. Ozonolysis 3. OM/DM 4. HBO 5. Hydration of gem dihalide 6. Reaction w/ HIO⁴ 7. Oppenaur oxidation 8. Dry distillation of Ca salt of carboxylic acid 9. Thermal decomposition of -COOH 10. RMgX 11. Rosenmund rcn 12. Stephen's reduction

Question 35

Oppenaur oxidation

Answer 35

Reagent : acetone Al tert. Butoxide Alcohol(2°) → ketone

Question 36

Dry distillation of Ca Salt of carboxylic acid

Answer 36

RCOOH + Ca(OH)² → R-CO-R

Question 37

Thermal decomposition of carboxylic acid

Answer 37

MnO 300°C R-CO-R