Carbonyls and Carboxylic Acids Word Stimulants

Question 1

Carbonyl compound

Answer 1

C=O

Polar delta -,+

Question 2

Ketone

Answer 2

CO
C=O between 2C
-one

Question 3

Ketone properties

Answer 3

Do not undergo oxidation reactions

Lack of reactivity - able to distinguish between ketone and aldehyde (no colour change)

Question 4

Aldehyde

Answer 4

CHO
C=O at end of chain
-al

Question 5

Aldehyde oxidised

Answer 5

To COOH
Reflux
Oxidising agent H+/Cr2O7^2-
H2SO4/K2Cr2O7
Colour change : orange > green

Question 6

Aldehyde > primary alcohol

Answer 6

Reduction

Reducing agent NaBH4/H2O

Question 7

Ketone > secondary alcohol

Answer 7

Reduction

Reducing agent NaBH4/H2O

Question 8

Carbonyl > hydroxynitrile

Answer 8

(OH+CN functional groups)
\+HCN (very poisonous gas)
C (lone pair , negative charge)
H2SO4/NaCN
Useful as extends carbon chain

Question 9

Nucleophilic addition

Answer 9

Addition across C=O
Electron deficient C attracts nucleophile
Polarity of C=O

Question 10

Nucleophilic addition steps

Answer 10

Nucleophilic attack > intermediate

Probation > alcohol

Question 11

Nucleophilic attack > intermediate

Answer 11

H- attracted to C=O (electron deficient)