carbonyls and other similar stuff

Question 1

what reaction can you use to convert an amine to an alkene

Answer 1

hofmann elimination:
amine must be charged (could do this with acid)
then add Ag2O and heat

Question 2

what is the regiochemistry of the hofmann elimination

Answer 2

the less-substituted alkene is the formed as the major product

Question 3

what is the function of pyridine in the reaction of alcohols with acyl chlorides

Answer 3

acts as a nucleophilic catalyst so attacks the carbon first creating a more electrophilic intermediate after chloride leaves which is then attacked by the alcohol

Question 4

give three methods to generate ketones and describe the properties of the reagents used

Answer 4

1. react a carboxylic acid with two equivalents of a reactive organolithium reagent
   organolithium reagents are more reactive, harder, and more basic
   they are less functional group tolerant
   also generated in situ
2. use an acyl chloride rather than an ester and decrease the reactivity of the nucleophile by using organocuprates (R2CuLi)
3. acyl chloride forms Weinreb’s amide (using MeONHMe) then this is reacted with Grignard at low temp to form ketone