Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

what is the end name of carboxyic acids [COOH]?

Answer 1

—oic acid

Question 2

what are COOH salts named ?

Answer 2

—oate

Question 3

what are dicarboxylic acids named?

Answer 3

—dioic acids

Question 4

Why do carboxylic acids have high boiling point?

Answer 4

H bonding

Question 5

how do COOH exist?

Answer 5

they exist as dimers

Question 6

What makes a carboxylic acid’s acidity enhanced?

Answer 6

resonance bet O atoms
electron withdrawing substituents

Question 7

mneumonic for numbering priorities

Answer 7

C E Am N Al Am Al Al Et H (ceam nalal eth)
COOH | COOR | CON | C=N triple bond | COH | C=O | CNh2 | C=C | C triple C | O grp | X

Question 8

explain the O2 resonance on carboxylic acid

Answer 8

C is +ve, O is -ve with [no = bond]
O of OH is +ve, O is -ve, [=bond bet C&O of OH]

Question 9

What is the melting, boiling point, and solubility of carboxylic acid compared to alcohols?

Answer 9

all are higher than alcohols

Question 10

what is alpha C?

Answer 10

C attached to the C of COOH

Question 11

name some electron withdrawing substituents

Answer 11

Nitro group (-NO2)
Cyano group (-CN)
Carbonyl groups (-C=O) like aldehydes and ketones
Halogens (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)
Trifluoromethyl group (-CF3)

Question 12

What can increase the acidity of benzoic acid?

Answer 12

Electron withdrawing groups on C-2

Question 13

carboxylate ion

Answer 13

COO-

Question 14

micells

Answer 14

C chains of 12-18 Cs will form circles

Question 15

what are the 4 reactions to form COOH acid?

Answer 15

1° OH
aldehyde
methyl benzene
alkyne
all of these can react with oxi agents (such as H2Cr2O7, KMnO4, O3) to form COOH

Question 16

lactam

Answer 16

cyclic amide

Question 17

lactone

Answer 17

cyclic ester

Question 18

anhydride

Answer 18

O=C-O-C=O

Question 19

how is soap formed ? the process of saponification ?

Answer 19

mixing
long chain COOH (fatty acids) + strong base = soap

Question 20

amide

Answer 20

O=C-NH

Question 21

Ester

Answer 21

COOH + OH = ester (O=C-OR)

Question 22

reactivities in Sn rxns of COOH derivaties

Answer 22

anhydrides > ester >amides

Question 23

induction

Answer 23

Uneven distribution of charge across a sigma bond because of difference in electronegativity

Question 24

conjugation

Answer 24

3 or more atoms with ability to resonate are near each other
a highway to connect electrons from 1 side to another

Question 25

wwhich amines can react with estersto form amides ?

Answer 25

1° and 2° only

Question 26

proton

Answer 26

H+

Question 27

How are the products of a reduction reaction different than their reactants?

Answer 27

There are more C-H bonds in the products than the reactants of reduction reactions

Question 28

hydrogen atom

Answer 28

H. (H with proton)

Question 29

hydride ion

Answer 29

H..- (H with 1 protons and 2 electron)

Question 30

name reducing agents

Answer 30

NaBH4 LiAlH4

Question 31

decarboxylation

Answer 31

Loss of CO2 from a molecule

Question 32

alkyl group

Answer 32

C-H group

Question 33

hydroxy group

Answer 33

O-H group

Question 34

oxo group

Answer 34

C=O group

Question 35

why carboxylic acids cannot undergo substitution reactions at the a-carbon?

Answer 35

because a base removes a proton from the OH group instead of from the a-carbon, since the OH group is more acidic