carboxylic acids and derivatives

Question 1

define: carboxylic acid

Answer 1

a molecule with an alcohol group bonded to a carbonyl group

Question 2

what is a carbonyl group?

Answer 2

COOH

Question 3

what do we observe when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

Answer 3

bubbles caused by the production of CO2

Question 4

carboxylic acid + metal –>

Answer 4

salt + hydrogen

Question 5

carboxylic acid + metal carbonate –>

Answer 5

salt + water + CO2

Question 6

carboxylic acid + metal oxide –>

Answer 6

salt + water

Question 7

what do carboxylic ions ionise to form?

Answer 7

carboxylate ions (ate)

Question 8

solubility of carboxylic acids:

Answer 8

completely soluble in water

Question 9

melting point of carboxylic acids:

Answer 9

higher melting point as a result of being able to form dimers

Question 10

define: dimer

Answer 10

when 2 molecules bond with 2 H+ bonds

Question 11

heptanoic acid and potassium hydroxide react to form:

Answer 11

potassium heptanoate and water

Question 12

propanoic acid and sodium hydroxide react to form:

Answer 12

sodium propanoate and water

Question 13

define: ester

Answer 13

a molecule which contains the ester functional group (R1COOR2)

Question 14

what is the reversible reaction containing:
esters
carboxylic acids
alcohol
water

Answer 14

carboxylic acid + alcohol <—> ester + water

Question 15

how are esters formed?

under what conditions?

Answer 15

from carboxylic acids and alcohols

a strong acid is used as a catalyst and heat also needs to be applied to the solution

Question 16

what conditions do esters hydrolise in?

what does this form?

Answer 16

acidic conditions

to form a carboxylic acid and alcohol

Question 17

ester + alkaline –>

Answer 17

salt + alcohol

Question 18

name an ester formed from pentanoic acid and propanol

Answer 18

propylpentanoate

Question 19

name an ester formed from butanol and ethanoic acid

Answer 19

butylethanoate

Question 20

how are soaps formed?

Answer 20

by hydrolising esters in alkaline conditions

Question 21

what is biodiesel?

Answer 21

long chain hydrocarbons

Question 22

what reaction produces biodiesel?

Answer 22

vegetable oil and methanol in the presence of a strong acid

Question 23

ethanoic acid + dichloride –>

Answer 23

the acyl + SO2 + HI

Question 24

name the acyl chloride derived from propanoic acid:

Answer 24

propanoyl chloride

Question 25

what are acid anhydrides?

Answer 25

molecules with 2 carbonyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom

Question 26

acid anhydride functional group:

Answer 26

RCOOCOR

Question 27

acid anhydride / acyl chloride + water -->

Answer 27

carboxylic acid

Question 28

what do acid anhydrides smell like?

Answer 28

vinegar

Question 29

why cant you measure the solubility of acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides?

Answer 29

because they both react with water

Question 30

acyl chloride + alcohol -->

Answer 30

ester + HCl

Question 31

order these from most reactive to least reactive: acid anhydrides acyl chlorides carboxylic acids

Answer 31

most: acyl chlorides acid anhydrides least: carboxylic acids

Question 32

acyl chloride + water -->

Answer 32

carboxylic acid + HClaci

Question 33

d anhydride + water -->

Answer 33

2 carboxylic acids

Question 34

ethanoic anhydride + methanol -->

Answer 34

methyl ethanoate + ethanoic acid

Question 35

ethaboic anhydride + water -->

Answer 35

2 ethanoic acids

Question 36

ethanoic anhydride + 2 ammonia -->

Answer 36

amide + ethanoic energy

Question 37

ethanoic anhydride + primary amine -->

Answer 37

amide + ethanoate salt

Question 38

whats the differentce between a primary, secondary and tertiary amine?

Answer 38

primary: 1 methyl secondary: 2 methyl tertiary: 3 methyl