Carbs Flashcards
(31 cards)
How many kcal’s are in Carbohydrates?
4 kcal
How many kcal’s in fiber?
0 kcal
How many kcal’s in sugar?
4 kcal
How many kcal’s in starch?
4 kcal
How many kcal’s in alcohol?
7 kcal
Starches and sugars are broken down to _____.
Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose)
Glucose is necessary for _____.
- Providing energy for cells (anabolic)
- formation of specific sugars
- formation of fatty acids and non-essential amino acids (DNA/RNA)
What enzyme breaks down Carbs in the mouth?
(salivary) amylase
What enzyme breaks down Carbs in the SI?
amylase (from the pancreas)
Humans cannot break down _____
cellulose
The rate of breakdown and absorption is affected by ____
- molecular structure
- how much is in the diet
- the ratio of the various sugars
All monosaccarides can be absorbed _____
through the intestinal wall into the blood
_____ is absorbed very quickly and _____ much slower.
Glucose; fructose
Excess dietary glucose is first stored_______
as glycogen in muscle and liver.
When saturation occurs, the additional is converted and stored as ______.
fat (triglycerides) in adipocytes.
Glycogen is only found in _____
animal tissues
Starch and fiber are found only in ____.
plants
_____ is the cell wall of a plant.
Fiber
______ is the cell wall of an animal.
Cholesterol
Name the three monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
Name the three disaccharides
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are both ____
simple sugars
An example of an oligosaccharide is ____
Alpha-galactosides
Two types of alpha-galactosides are _____
raffinose and stachyose
