Carbs

Question 1

Where is most glycogen stored

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle and liver

Question 2

Describe glycogen structure

Answer 2

Enzyme core, with polysaccharide around it. Ends are non reducing

Question 3

Gags are found where and what are they a class within

Answer 3

Mucous and synovial fluid

Class within glycoproteins

Question 4

If carbohydrate is greater than protein what is it called

Answer 4

Glycoproteins

Question 5

Hurler syndrome is caused by what lack of enzyme

Answer 5

Muccopolysacchardase
Glycoaminoglyons build up
Damage to bone growth, eyes cloud,
Death at 10

Question 6

Where does breakdown occur of starch

Answer 6

Mouth and duodenum by amylase

Jejunum by musosal cell surface enzymes

Question 7

Glut2 take glucose into the blood, what takes in fructose

Answer 7

Glut 5

Question 8

What is also taken in to the epithelial cell along with glucose

Answer 8

2 Sodium

Question 9

In the sodium potassium pump, 3 Na ions are pumped out of the cell while 2 K ions are pumped in, true or false

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the benefit of cellulose and hemicellulose if it can’t be degraded

Answer 10

Increases faecal bulk but decreases transit time

Question 11

If a sugar can’t be broken down what does it result in

Answer 11

Distension and cramps

Question 12

Give the name of the disaccharide deficiency

Answer 12

Lactose intolerance

Question 13

Once glucose is absorbed into the blood where does it go

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

What immediately is glucose converted to when taken up into the liver and why

Answer 14

Glucose 6 phosphate so it won’t leave through glut receptors

Question 15

Name the enzymes responsible for taking up glucose

Answer 15

glucokinase = liver
Hexokinase = all other tissue types

Question 16

How does glucokinase differ from hexokinase (

Answer 16

Location where it is
Gluco has high K and V
Hexokinase has low

Question 17

Starch is a polysaccharide of which sugar?

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

Difference between starch and glycogen

Answer 18

Glycogen is densely packed due to increased amylopectin

Question 19

Function of Gags

Answer 19

Muscous and synovial fluid, unbranched polysacchsrides therefore glide over one another

Question 20

Proteoglycans has more protein than carbohydrate

Answer 20

False ! Proteo is added to the carbohydrate therefor more carbs than protein

Question 21

Glucose is converted to glucose 6 phosphate by hexokinase in the liver, true or false

Answer 21

True, glucokinase is in other tissue

Question 22

The core protein in glycogen is called ______

Answer 22

Glycogenin

Question 23

Glucogenin creates a primer for glycogen, but what is the name of the enzyme which adds glucose residues and the other which creates non reducing ends

Answer 23

Glycogen synthase and glycogen branching enzymes

Question 24

When glucose is removed from glycogen it is in the form of _______ which is easily converted to glucose

Answer 24

Glucose 1 phosphate, removed by glycogen phosphorylase

Question 25

van gierks disease is caused by an increase in muscle glycogen

Answer 25

No, it’s mcArdles disease

Question 26

When does gluconeogenisis occur

Answer 26

During fasting when glycogen gets depleted

Question 27

Why does drinking result in lacticadaemia and hypoglycaemia

Answer 27

Ethanol requires Nad+ therefore non left for gluconeogensis

Question 28

What are the 3 irreversible stages of glycolysis

Answer 28

1st Hexokinase, glucose to glucose 6 pho 2nd phosphofructose, fru-6 phos to fru 1,6 bisphos 3rd pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

Question 29

What is limited during glycolysis

Answer 29

NAD

Question 30

How is NAD obtained for glycolysis

Answer 30

Vitamins and via lactate production,

Question 31

Pepck mice has an overactive pep carboxylase. Why does this result in long life, running faster, higher endurance

Answer 31

pep carboxylase is required for gluconeogensis. Break down it therefore high glucose in the blood

Question 32

What is the overall aim of aerobic respiration

Answer 32

Oxidise carbon to form CO2 and electron

Question 33

the citric acid cycle is allosterically controlled, true or false

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Pyruvate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. This is an irreversible reaction therefore is allosertically controlled by:

Answer 34

- acetyl CoA, ATP, NADH | + pyruvate, Adp, NAD

Question 35

Citric acid cycle is amphibolic. What does this mean

Answer 35

Intermediates involved in catabolism and metabolism

Question 36

In the ETC, energy is stored by what

Answer 36

Elcectro chemical gradient

Question 37

Draw an ATP synathse

Answer 37

Check book

Question 38

If ETC is uncoupled, give an example in mammal and plants

Answer 38

Skunk lettuce, melt frost | Baby cold causes norepinephrine to be released triggering thermogenin channels to open

Question 39

Galactose and galactose both have a 6 carbon structure, true or false

Answer 39

True, both 6