Carbs lab

Question 1

reduction of cupric ions to cuprous ions , forming cuprous oxide in a hot alkaline solution by glucose

Answer 1

alkaline copper oxide

Question 2

in the alkaline copper reduction method, glucose reacts with _____ in a hot alkaline solution forming ____

Answer 2

alkaline copper tartrate ; cuprous oxide

Question 3

in folin wu method, what does cuprous ions react with?

Answer 3

phosphomolybdate

Question 4

end product in folin wu method

Answer 4

phosphomolybdic acid or phosphomolybdenum blue

Question 5

in nelson somogyi method, cuprous ions reacts with

Answer 5

arsenomolybdate

Question 6

end product of nelson somogyi method

Answer 6

arsenomolybdic acid

Question 7

in neocuprein method, cuprous ion reacts with

Answer 7

neocuprein

Question 8

end product in neocuprein method

Answer 8

cuprous-neocuprein complex

Question 9

color of the end product in neocuprein method

Answer 9

yellow to yellow orange

Question 10

reagent used in neocuprein method

Answer 10

2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenantroline Hydrochloride

Question 11

used for the detection and quantification of reducing substances

Answer 11

Benedict’s method

Question 12

end product of Benedict’s method

Answer 12

brick red precipitate

Question 13

uses ___ or ___ as stabilizing agents

Answer 13

citrate or tartrate

Question 14

involved reduction of yellow ferricyanide to a colorless ferrocyanide

Answer 14

alkaline ferric reduction method (hagedorn jensen)

Question 15

end product is colorless

Answer 15

inverse colorimetry

Question 16

methods under oxidation reaction

Answer 16

-alkaline copper reduction method
-alkaline ferric reduction method

Question 17

the end product is green colored

Answer 17

ortho-toluidine method (dubowski method)

Question 18

what compounds react in the ortho toluidine method to form a green color product?

Answer 18

glucose + aromatic amines

Question 19

enzymes used in glucose dehydrogenase

Answer 19

mutarotase
glucose dehydrogenase
diaphorase

Question 20

converts alpha-D-glucose to beta-D-glucose

Answer 20

mutarotase

Question 21

converts beta-D-glucose + NAD to D-gluconolactone + NADP

Answer 21

glucose dehydrogenase

Question 22

in glucose dehydrogenase, this is done to detect color

Answer 22

diaphorase

Question 23

relationship of NADH and glucose concentration in glucose dehydrogenase

Answer 23

proportional (amount of NADH produced is proportional to glucose concentration in the sample)

Question 24

substances that can cause falsely decreased glucose values in the glucose oxidase method?

Answer 24

increased level of uric acid
bilirubin
ascorbic acid

Question 25

can cause falsely increase glucose values in the glucose oxidase method?

Answer 25

presence of bleach

Question 26

how is the colored complex in colorimetric glucose oxidase method quantified?

Answer 26

spectrophotometrically

Question 27

used as a coupling enzyme in colorimetric glucose oxidase method

Answer 27

glucose oxidase and peroxidase

Question 28

chromogen used in colorimetric glucose oxidase method

Answer 28

3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone and N,N- dimethylaniline

Question 29

this method measures the rate of oxygen consumption, which is proportional to glucose concentration

Answer 29

polarographic glucose oxidase

Question 30

role of catalase in polarographic glucose oxidase metjod

Answer 30

catalyzes the reaction of H2O2 + ethanol to acetaldehyde

Question 31

this catalyzes the reaction: H2O2 + iodide to iodine

Answer 31

molybdate

Question 32

most specific method for glucose measurements

Answer 32

hoxokinase method

Question 33

reference method for glucose testing

Answer 33

hexokinase method

Question 34

how is the hexokinase method measured spectrophotometrically?

Answer 34

by measuring the disappearance of NADPH at 340 nm

Question 35

produced by the liver through metabolism of fatty acids

Answer 35

ketones

Question 36

3 types of ketone bodies produced by the liver

Answer 36

acetone (2%) acetoacetic acid (20%) 3-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (70%) -most common

Question 37

specimen used for detecting ketone

Answer 37

serum or urine

Question 38

ferric chloride reacted with acetoacetic acid to produce red color, what test is used?

Answer 38

Gerhardt's test

Question 39

___ reacts with acetoacetic acid to produce a purple color

Answer 39

sodium nitroprusside

Question 40

___ reacted with acetoacetic acid to produce red color

Answer 40

ferric chloride

Question 41

enzyme used in the enzymatic test for ketones (detects acetoacetic acid or 3-beta-hydroxybutyric acid)

Answer 41

3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (detects acetoacetic acid)

Question 42

is defined as persistent albuminuria in two out of three urine collections of 30 to 300 mg/24 h, 20 to 200 μg/min, or an albumin – creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 μg/mg creatinine

Answer 42

microalbuminuria

Question 43

clinical proteinuria or microalbuminuria is established with an albumin-creatine ratio of what?

Answer 43

greater than or equal to 300 mg/24h, greater than 200 micro gram/min or greater than or equal to 300 microgram/miligram

Question 44

type of urine collections are used to assessing albumin-creatine ratio

Answer 44

-random spot collection -24 hr collection -timed 4 hour overnight collection