CARCINOGENS AND ASSOCIATED CANCERS

Question 1

Aflatoxins

Answer 1

Hepatocellular carcinoma [Aspergillus produces aflatoxins]

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Leukemia/ Lymphoma [Side effect of cancer chemotherapy]

Question 3

Arsenic(3)

Answer 3

1. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
2. Lung cancer
3. Angiosarcoma of the liver

Question 4

Asbestos (2)

Answer 4

1. Lung carcinoma (most likely)

2. mesothelioma

Question 5

Cigarette smoke (5)

Answer 5

It has 40 carcinogens.
It causes carcinoma of:
1.oropharynx
2.esophagus
3.pancreas
3.kidney (urothelial cancer)
4.bladder (urothelial cancer)
5.lung

Question 6

Nitrosamines

Answer 6

Stomach carcinoma (intestinal type)
It is present in SMOKED FOOD

Question 7

Naphthylamine

Answer 7

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. It is present in CIGARETTE SMOKE,

Question 8

Vinyl chloride

Answer 8

Angiosarcoma of the liver

Question 9

Ni, Cr, Be, Silica

Answer 9

Lung carcinoma

Question 10

VIRUS: EBV (HHV-4)

Answer 10

1. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2. Burkitt’s lymphoma
3. CNS lymphoma in AIDS

Question 11

VIRUS: HHV-8

Answer 11

Kaposi sarcoma ( Tumor of endothelial cells)

Question 12

VIRUS: HBV (Hep B) and HCV (Hep C)

Answer 12

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 13

VIRUS: Human T-cell Leukemic Virus-1 (HTLV-1)

Answer 13

Adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma

Question 14

VIRUS: High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

Subtypes

Answer 14

Subtypes: 16, 18,31, 33

1. Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina,anus,and cervix
2. Adenocarcinoma of cervix

Question 15

Ionizing Radiations (CARCINOMAS)

Answer 15

1. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
2. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
3. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Question 16

Ionizing Radiations (MECHANISM)

Answer 16

Generates hydroxyl free radicals

Question 17

Non-ionizing Radiations (UV-B) (CARCINOMAS)

Answer 17

1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma of skin

Question 18

Non-ionizing Radiations (UV-B) (MECHANISM)

Answer 18

Results in the formation of pyrimidine dimers, which are usually excised by restriction endonucleases. But in some diseases e.g. Xeroderma pigmentosum, restriction endonucleases don’t work.