Cardenismo Flashcards
(45 cards)
PRIísta view of Cárdenas administration
(1) Accommodates Cárdenas within the teleological progress of the Mexican Revolution
(2) Places emphasis on continuity in line with the belief in the democratic and popular character of Cardenismo and the Revolution in general
Alan Knight: “more jalopy than juggernaut”
(1) Cardenismo was a genuinely radical movement in terms of its objectives, promised considerable change, and embodied popular support
(2) faced severe resistance due to its radicalism that curtailed the administration’s freedom of manoeuvre and led it to compromise and retreat on several issues
(3) consequently its practical accomplishments were limited
Stephanie Mitchell: “Cardenista myth”
(1) most enduring legacy of Cárdenas’ administration
(2) frequently disparaged for lack of substance
(3) refers to the vague but pervasive set of associations that linked Cárdenas with the unfulfilled promises of the Revolution
John W Sherman
(1) challenges dominant belief that Cárdenas was a widely popular president
(2) illuminates the importance of the non-institutional political right that battled Cardenismo with considerable success
When was Josephus Daniels Ambassador to Mexico?
1933-41
When was Shirt-sleeve Diplomat written
1947
Daniels in letter to State Department: “A wise man once said, ‘All oil stinks…
…He must have been referring to the devious ways, violating laws as well as morals, by which big companies have obtained a near monopoly of the oil”
Daniels’ view of Mexican oil expropriation
“little as we might like it - President Cárdenas was acting under clear and well-understood Mexican laws”
What is Cardenismo?
(1) radical nationalist project or ideological movement implemented during presidency of Cárdenas (1934-40)
How much of the workforce was rural in 1930?
3.6m peasants or rural labour out of 5.1m workforce
70% still landless
Adrian Bantjes: goals of agrarian reform
(1) further revolutionary cause of social justice
(2) revitalise the rural economy
(3) create body of loyal armed ejidatorios
(4) mobilise a new electorate for the revolutionary part
Alan Knight on Cardenista agrarian reform
“sweeping, rapid, and, in some respects, structurally innovative”
Success of Cardenista agrarian reform?
(1) distributed more land than all revolutionary predecessors combined, 400% increase
(2) brought relative social peace to countryside
(3) invested enormous effort in dismantling the hacienda system and redistributing land
Muralist Artists
Diego Rivera
David Siqueiros
When was the Ministry of Public Education (SEP) established?
1921
What was the aim of the “socialist school”?
(1) advance economic and cultural integration
(2) foster collective solidarity in the pursuit of independent economic development
Reform to Article 2 of the Constitution
exclusion of “all religious doctrine … to combat fanaticism and prejudices in the schools by organising instruction and activities in a way that shall permit the creation in youth of an exact and rational concept of the universe”
When and why was the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) established?
(1) 1939
(2) encourage shift from liberal professions to technical and vocational training
Increase in number of federal primary schools?
1935 18,000
1940 22,000
Archbishop of Mexico Pastoral Letter (1935)
(1) parents to withdraw their children from schools
(2) priests obliged to instruct parents to do so or that they would face excommunication
(3) teachers reminded that following any part of the syllabus implied heresy and automatic excommunication
When was the Acción Cívica Nacional (ACN) established?
1936
Mexican petroleum industry in 1934
16 foreign companies controlled 98% of industry
Impact of world depression
(1) weakened structural constraints that had previously limited state autonomy
(2) dominant capitalist countries engrossed with internal problems and thus less likely to intervene directly
When was the STPRM formed?
1935
