Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fundamentals > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

function of cardiovascular system

A

transport system: oxygen and nutrients to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the impulse/conduction come from

A

SA node, info from autonomic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if there is a “short” in the system, what could occur

A

arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

obstruction in heart results

A

ischemia, possible MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by heart each minute, focus on L ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

L ventricle is the

A

workforce of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stroke volume depends on: accommodation, contraction, and resistance

A
  • accomodation of incoming blood volume by heart
  • contractility of heart muscle
  • resistance to blood flow in circulatory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lifespan consideration

A

age and disease-induced CV system changes–> decreased activity tolerance and decreased endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

age and lifestyle factors may contribute to the processes

A

of calcification, fatty degeneration, and diminished elasticity of the blood vessels —> higher BP, decr CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

factors affecting cardiovascular function (11)

A

-cigarettes, High BP, Nutr, sedentary, DM, obesity, family history, meds, stress, personality, community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

issues with smoking

A

vasoconstriction, damage intima of arteries, results in calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

activity as age

A

decrease, which decreased endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Manifestations of altered CV function

A
  • changes in vitals
  • changes in skin
  • decreased CO
  • alterations in the blood vessels
  • decreased tissue perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

changes in the skin include

A

color, temp, skin breakdown, look at mucous membranes, nail beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

decreased CO due to

A

muscle damage, valve dysfunction, conduction problems, SOB (remember C for conduction, also issue with heart can’t pump properly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

alterations in blood vessels

A

arterial, capillary and venous dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

decreased tissue perfusion due to

A

fatigue, pain, organ dysfunction, limited ROM in extremities from edema or ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

obesity and specific area

A

people who carry weight around the abdomen are at higher risk for CV problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal pattern looks at

A

activity tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

risk identification

A

past CV conditions, current meds, risk factors, metabolic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

women and men in regards to MI

A

present differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

women presentations for MI,

A

nausea, fatigue, abdominal/back pain, *chest pain isn’t normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

men symptoms of MI

A

chest pressure, arm/jaw pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HDL and LDL

A

good vs bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
triglycerides due
high sugars
26
HTN tricks kidneys
to hold onto fluid
27
total cholesterol
LDL and HDL
28
dysfunction identification
chest pain or leg pain due activity level associated with pain and other associated subjective complaints, stroke screening
29
clubbing
bulby fingers/toes due to chronic hypoxia, dilated vessels
30
how to increase HDL
with activity
31
inspection: behavior
general behavior, cognition, LOC
32
distended jugular veins
could be cause heart not working properly; related to CHF and fluid overload
33
inspection and breathing issues
dyspnea, orthopnea, cough
34
inspection of skin (7)
cyanosis, mucous membranes, clubbing, capillary refill <3, edema in legs (could be indicative of vascular disease or heart failure), varicosities, ulcerations
35
carotid arteries-what to do
palpate and auscultate (with bell)
36
bruit
turbulence due to narrowing
37
thrill
vibrations, buzzing
38
where do we hear murmurs
4-5th intercostal space
39
valves: aortic, pulmonic, murmurs, tricuspid, mitral-- where to find
-2nd R intercostal space; 2nd L -Erb's point (3rd intercostal); 4th intercostal (L); 5th intercostal space and midclavicular
40
base and apex
top, bottom
41
S1, S2
lub (apex- on bottom, tricuspid and mitral), dub (top, aortic and pulmonic)
42
S3
hear early in diastole filling, right after S2
43
S4
right before S1
44
split sounds
ventricles sounds off a little, one before the other instead of together
45
what are we looking for when we auscultate the carotid arteries
bruit
46
claudication
not enough arterial circulation, warning something is going to happen; in leg and Can cause ischemia
47
venous insufficiency
decreased venous return causing increased pressure in veins
48
risk factors for venous insufficiency (6)
varicose veins, imcompetent valves, DVT, immobility, obesity and pregnancy
49
characteristics of venous insufficiency
aching pain in lower extremeties; relieved with elevation
50
arterial insufficiency
insufficient blood supply to area causing ischemia and necrosis
51
arterial insufficiency risk factors
atherosclerosis or DM
52
arterial insufficiency characteristics of lower extremities
cool to touch, diminished pulse, pallor
53
arterial ulcer characteristics
smooth edges, shiny, thin, hairless, pale
54
where would we see arterial ulces
tips of toes, lateral malleolus
55
pulses in feet
posterior tibialis, dorsalis pedis
56
pulses grading
0-absent, 1- weak/faint, 2-normal
57
5 P's
pain, pallor, parestesia, pulse and paralysis
58
parastesia
get vey cold and start to warm up-feel tingly, prickling
59
lower extremity edema related to
poor circulation due to incompetent valves, heart failure
60
health promotion to prevent venous stasis
leg exercises, applying anti embolism stockings, anticoagulation prophylaxis
61
Biggest health care concern
DVT-deep vein thrombosis
62
edema reduction
elevation of limbs, reduce sodium, fluid restriction, daily weights
63
VTE bundle: definition
uses non/pharmacologic measures to decrease the risk of developing DVT, several evidence based practices, standard across country
64
VTE- what’s involved
anti-clotting meds, mechanic device (muscle pump), nonpharmacologic- sequential or TED socks
65
pooling of blood-biggest issue
can lead to venous thrombosis, generally around valve; those can dislodge/embolize to lung, pulm embolism,
66
PE and death
clot to pulm artery--immediate death;
67
how can we get rid of PE
thread catheter and infuse clot buster and restore circulation
68
predisposition to DVT
stasis, bed rest, hypercoagulable (cancer), endothelial damag
69
heart works harder in what position
supine than upright
70
hypertrophy and affect on heart
pump against too much resistance

Fundamentals (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions