Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

N190 - Physical Assessment > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

heart size

A

5in long, 3.5in diameter, 2.5in thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

female heart

A

smaller and less in weight compared to male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

precordium

A

area of the chest where you listen to heart sounds and do assessments of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pericardium

A

double layered sac that encloses the heart
- fluid between the layers to prevent friction when the heart is contracting and relaxing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when cardiac valves are pathologic…

A

forward blood flow is restricted, resulting in regurgitation or murmurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S1

(lub)

A

first heartbeat heard due to the closure of AV (tricuspi and mitral) valves
- when ventricles are filled
- loudest at apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S2

(dub)

A

second heartbeat heard, due to the closure of semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves
- when ventricles empty blood to the pulmonic artery and arota
- loudest at base of heart (top of chest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pulse grading

A

0: no pulse
+1: faint/weak/thready
+2: normal
+3: brisk
+4: bounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

aortic area

A
  • 2nd ICS
  • RSB (right sternal border)
  • S2 > S1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pulmonic area

A
  • 2nd ICS
  • LSB
  • S2 > S1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

erb’s point

A
  • 3rd ICS
  • LSB
  • S2 = S1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tricuspid area

A
  • 4th ICS
  • LSB
  • S1 > S2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mitral area

A
  • 5th ICS
  • left midclavicular
  • S1 > S2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cardiac murmurs are associated with…

A
  • tricuspid regurgitaion
  • tricuspid stenosis
  • mitral regurgitation
  • mitral stenosis
  • aortic regurgitaion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cardiac murmur grading

A

graded 1-6
- 1/6 barely audible
- 6/6 loudest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

major risk factors of heart diseases

A
  • HTN
  • smoking
  • DM
  • obesity
  • high cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

heart sounds are interpreted according to…

A

pitch, duration, intensity, and phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sympathetic cardiac nerve

A

stimulation of heart, increase HR, increase dilation of coronary arterties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

parasympathetic cardiac nerve

A

decrease in stimulation, decrease in HR, constriction of coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PMI

(point of maximal impulse)

A

heard loudest at the 5th ICS, left midclavicular line (mitral or apical pulse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PMI in infants

A

heard at the 4th ICS, left midclavicular line
- b/c the heart is horizontally positioned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

newborn heart rate

A

160-180 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sound on percussion of the heart

A

dullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

normal BP

A

below 120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
prehypertension
120/80-139/89
26
hypertension
140/90+
27
who has high incidence of HTN?
african americans
28
pedal pulse location
lateral to and parallel with the big toe
29
popliteal pulse location
medial behind the knees
30
femoral pulse location
inguinal area
31
posterior tibialis pulse location
groove behind the medial malleolus and achilles tendon
32
what is ECG
electrical representation of the cardiac cycles that are documented by the deflection on recording paper
33
electrical initation of the heart occurs in...
the SA node, known as the pacemaker of the heart - fires 60-100 joules/min
34
av node fires...
60 joules/min
35
bundle branches fires...
40-60 joules/min
36
cardiac depolarization
when current from SA node spreads across the atria causing cardiac contraction - cardiac cells are positively charges
37
repolarization
cardiac cells are relaxed - negatively charged
38
imbalance in Na, K, and Ca
dysregulation of cardiac conduction system
39
p wave
atrial depolarization
40
atrial repolarization is...
hidden behind the qrs wave
41
qrs wave
ventricular depolarization
42
t wave
ventricular repolarization
43
v-fib
total absence of regular heart rhythm
44
v-tach
rhythm is rapid, regular heartbeat - up to 200 bpm
45
heart block
slow heart rate; conduction between atria and ventricles are disrupted - as low as 20-40 bpm
46
S/S of heart failure
- JV pulsation over 3cm at 45 degree elevation - low BP - HR >120 bpm - angle edema - SOB - S3 is present
47
severe aortic regurgitation cause
synchronous head bobbing and heartbeat
48
infective endocarditis
thin red lines or splinter hemorrhages on the nail beds
49
arterial insufficieny
legs are cold, with no hair
50
venous insufficieny
legs are warm, with pain from prolonged sitting or standing
51
raynauds syndrome
fingers and handshave intermittent skin pallor, blueish discoloration, and rubor
52
allen's test
determines the patency of the radial or ulnar arteries
53
expected finding of percussion of the heart
dullness
54
varicosities do not...
disappear when legs are elevated
55
JVD > 3cm causes:
- increased central venous pressure - fluid overload (CHF) - pressure at the superior vena cava
56
who has high incidence of CVD
caucasian females 65-74 years old
57
who has 2x incidence of cardiovascular mortality
native americans < 35 years old
58
use of cocaine is attributed to...
- HTN - MI - ruptured aorta
59
S3 and S4 are more common in...
patients in cardiac anomaly: - MI - CHF - angina - ventricular hypertrophy
60
S3 | (ventricular gallop)
when there is vibration when AV valves open and blood goes to the ventricles - can also be heard in healthy children, healthy adults, and 3rd trimester pregnancy - S3 follows S2
61
S4 | (atrial gallop)
when atrial contraction and ejection of blood to the ventricles in the late diastole - heard before S1 - can be heard in healthy children, well-fit adults, and healthy elderly
62
tetralogy of fallot | (4 cardiac defects)
- dextroposition of the aorta - pulmonary stenosis - right ventricular hypertrophy - ventricular septal defect
63
patent ductus areteriosus
opening between pulmonary artery and descending aorta - should close 24-48 hrs after brith - if does not close=murmur; manage with SX
64
foramen ovale
passageway of bloodbetween right and left atria - should close shortly after birth - if does not close=murmur; manage with SX
65
70% of children will have...
innocent cardiac murmur
66
innocent cardiac murmurs arise from...
high blood flow across normal heart structures - usually when the individual has a fever and anemia
67
how many hearbeats in 24 hours?
100,000x
68
when all blood vessels are connected end to end, how many miles will it be?
60,000 miles; 2x around the world
69
difference between S/S of MI and GERD
both have indigestion, N/V MI: - SOB/dyspnea GERD: - hoarseness/eructation
70
S/S, nursing care, and monitoring of pericarditis
S/S: - sharp chest pain on inhalation, pulsus paradoxus, SOB Actions: - manage pain/anxiety, bed rest w/ HOB 45, anti-inflam for pain Monitor: - signs of tamponade, prepare for pericardiocentesis
71
pulsus paradoxus
abnormally large decrease in BP during inspiration - as much as 10 mmHg - present with pericarditis - cause: heart attack, immune system, or cardiac SX

N190 - Physical Assessment (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions