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Pharmacology test 1 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

(65 cards)

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0
Q

What does the contraction of the heart depend on?

A

Intracellular calcium

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1
Q

What do inotropic drugs affect?

A

Myocardial contraction
+ increases contraction with stimulation and increases HR
- weakens the force of muscular contractions

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2
Q

What do chronotropic drugs effect?

A

Heart rate
+ increases HR and workload
- decreases HR and workload

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3
Q

What do dromotropic drugs effect?

A

Electrical conduction
+ increases conduction impulses
- decreases conduction impulses

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4
Q

What do phosphodiesterase inhibitors do and what kind of effect do they have?

A

They treat heart failure and have a positive inotropic effect
They increase contractility, decrease after load and preload, and vasodilates

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5
Q

What do vasodilators do and how do they work?

A

They decrease venous return to the heart, decrease preload, decrease after load, widen blood vessels and cause a decreased vascular resistance and increased blood for

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6
Q

Where do vasodilators act?

A

Locally or in the vasomotor center of the brain

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7
Q

What do ace inhibitors do?

A

They dilate venous and arteriole beds, decrease afterload and preload
They block the angioconverting enzyme

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8
Q

What do antianginal medications do?

A

Treat angina, reduce hearts O2 demand, and block coronary vasospasms

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9
Q

What do nitrates do?

A

Cause a generalized vascular and coronary vasodilation on coronary arteries and venous vessels

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10
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do?

A

Decrease workload of heart, decrease contractility, afterload, HR, conduction, treat angina, atrial dysrhythmias, and htn
They inhibit the influx of calcium

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11
Q

What are side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Hypotension, reflex tachycardia, edema, liver and kidney function

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12
Q

What do antidysrhythmics do?

A

Slow ion influx which affects cardiac action potential and slows repolarization
Decreases excitability of cardiac muscle

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13
Q

What do sodium channel blockers treat?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias by decreasing excitability

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14
Q

What do anticoagulants do?

A

They prevent thrombus formation by inhibiting the action of thrombin

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15
Q

What does thrombin do?

A

Converts fibrogen from converting to fibrin

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16
Q

What is low molecular weight heparin?

A

A derivative of heparin that is a more stable dosing based on weight.nit requires less monitoring and is only given for 7-10 days (Lovenox)

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17
Q

What do oral anticoagulants do?

A

They inhibit vitamin k synthesis and affect clotting factors

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18
Q

Why would oral anticoagulants be given?

A

Prophylaxis clotting for afib, PE, and thrombophlebitis

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19
Q

What do anti platelets do?

A

Suppress platelet aggregation, prevent MIs and CVAs

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20
Q

What do thrombolytics do?

A

Breaks down clots

They concert plasminogen to plasmin which destroys fibrin clots

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21
Q

What are thrombolytics indicated for?

A

Acute MI, ischemic CVAS, extremity clots, PE, open clotted devices, and picc lines

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22
Q

What is the time frame to give thrombolytics to with an MI?

A

Within 4 hours

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23
Q

What is the time frame to give thrombolytics to for an ischemic cva?

A

3 hours

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24
What do statins do?
Inhibit cholesterol, lowers LDL and triglycerides
25
What is hyperlipemia?
Excess of lipids in blood
26
What do peripheral vasodilators do?
Increase blood flow to extremities, vasodilates | For intermittent claudication, PAD, PVD, raynauds
27
What is digoxin for and how does it work?
For CHF, a fib, a flutter | It inhibits sodium and potassium pump, increases myocardial contraction, decreases conduction through SA and AVA nodes,n
28
What is digoxin contraindicated with?
Ventricular dysrhythmias, bradycardia, heart block, and low potassium
29
What is inamrinone (Inocor) for and how does it work?
For CHF pts who do not respond to normal treatment | It is a positive inotropic agent that vasodilates
30
What is milrinone lactate (Primacor) for and how does it works?
For CHF patients who do not respond to normal treatment | It vasodilates and inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase
31
What does tracleer (Bosentan) do and what is it for?
It is for pulmonary hypertension and dilates pulmonary vessels It's an endothelium receptor antagonist
32
What is nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for and what does it do?
It is for relief of angina and it vasodilates and relaxes vascular smooth muscle
33
What are some teaching points with nitroglycerin?
Do not swallow, store in cool dark place, decomposes when exposed to heat and light, refill every three months
34
What does isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) do and what is it for?
It prevents angina related to CAD, and vasodilates, reduces left ventricular pressure, and blood pooling
35
What does isosorbide dinitrate (isordil) do and what is it for?
It is for preventing and treating angina and it vasodilates and reduces LV pressure
36
What is nifedipine (procardia) and what is it for?
It treats htn, angina, and it is a calcium channel blocker
37
What does Gemfibrozil (Lopid) do and what is it for?
It lowers triglycerides and increased HDL and treats hypertriglyceidemia
38
What is Niacin (Niaspan) and what does it do?
It is an antihyperlipedemic and it treats high cholesterol
39
What is Simvastatin (Zocor) and what is it used for?
It is an antihyperlipidemic and it is for high cholesterol and familial high cholesterol
40
What is Avorastatin (Lipitor) for and what does it do?
It is an antihyperlipidemic and it works by inhibiting enzymes that catalyze cholesterol, thus lowering LDL and raising HDL
41
What are some side effects of avorastatin (Lipitor)
Rhabdomylosis, increased CK, renal failure
42
What is Alteplase (tPA) and how does it work?
It is a thrombolytic aggent that binds to fibrin to break down clots from acute MIs, ischemic stroke, and PE
43
How is tPA given?
IV bolus over 30 minutes and then hang on a drip for 60 minutes
44
What are some important interventions for tPA?
Monitor bloodwork and risk for bleeding, monitor neuro status for cerebral bleeding and cardiac rhythms, and start heparin.
45
What is Cilostazol (Pletal) and what does it do?
It is an antiplatelet that inhibits platelet aggregation but will also vasodilate.
46
What should be avoided with cilostazol (pletal)?
Grapefruit juice
47
What is clopidogrel (Plavix) and what does it do?
It is an antiplatelet that reduces atherosclerotic events and STEMIs
48
What is Ticlodipipine (Ticlid) and what does it do?
It is an antiplatelet that reduces the risk of stroke
49
What is aspririn and what does it do?
It is an antiplatelet for pain, fever, and TIA, Stroke, and MI prophylaxis
50
What is contraindicated with aspirin use?
NSAID induced asthma, bleeding disorders, viral infections
51
What is warfarin (coumadin) and how does it work?
It is an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K synthesis
52
What are some interventions and things to monitor with coumadin?
Monitor PT (10-14), INR (2-3), give in the evening, start prior to d/c heparin, watch for drug interactions, teach about bleeding risks, avoid aspirin and NSAIDs
53
What is enoxaparin sodium (lovenox) and what is it for?
It is a low molecular weight heparin derivitive that works as an anticoagulant to prevent and treat DVTs and PEs
54
What is heparin and what is it used for?
It is an anticoagulant that inhibits thrombosis and prevents DVT, PE, stroke, clot, afib
55
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
56
What is a side effect of heparin?
Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count)
57
What is adenocard (adenosine) and what is it for?
It is an antiarhythmic that slows the AV node conduction and prolongs repolarization to treat rapid atrial rhythms
58
What can happen when giving adenocard (adenosine) and what are interventions with this medication?
A brief period of asystole may occur so have a crash cart ready, be on cardiac monitor, and monitor ABC's
59
What is amiodarone (Cordarone) and what is it for?
It is an antidysrhytmic thatincreases cardiac action potential while decreasing HR to treat vfib events or vtach
60
What are some interventions with amiodarone (Cordarone)?
It has a long half life so watch for toxicity and do NOT give lightly
61
What is lidocaine (Xylocaine) and what is it for?
It is an antiarrhythmic sodium channel blocker that works for ventricular dysrhythmias
62
What is verapamil (Calan) and what is it for?
It is a calcium channel blocker that treats angina, HTN, and atrial tachycardias
63
What is amlodipine (Norovasc) and what is it for?
It is a calcium channel blocker for HTN, CAD, and angina
64
What is diltiazem (Cardizem) and what is it for?
It is a calcium channel blocker for tachy dysrhytmias, HTN

Pharmacology test 1 (6 decks)

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