Cardiac

Question 1

Stroke Volume

Answer 1

Amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the ventricle

SV= EDV-ESV

Question 2

End-diastolic volume

Answer 2

volume of blood in the ventricle prior to ejection

Question 3

End-systolic volume

Answer 3

amount of blood that remains in the ventricle after ejection

Question 4

Cardiac Output

Answer 4

HRxSV

Question 5

Preload

Answer 5

Volume of blood in the heart

Question 6

Afterload

Answer 6

Pressure to contract heart

Question 7

CHD: Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 7

insufficient delivery of oxygen to myocardium b/c of atherosclerotic coronary arteries

Question 8

Coronary arteries

Answer 8

Hardening of arteries b/c of plaque

Question 9

Ischemia

Answer 9

inadequate blood/oxygen supply to the heart

Question 10

CAD: Coronary Artery Disease

Answer 10

narrowing of arteries causing a decreased lumen and decreased blood flow through coronary arteries

Question 11

Stable Angina

Answer 11

Most common form…caused by extensive activity

Question 12

Unstable Angina

Answer 12

Pain occurring with increasing frequency, severity, and duration over time

Question 13

Prinzmental (variant) angina

Answer 13

Atypical for occurring w/o precipitating cause. Unpredictable attacks of pain…unrelated to emotion or activity

Question 14

Stenosis

Answer 14

Failure of valve to open completely results in extra pressure work for the heart

Question 15

Regurgitation

Answer 15

Inability of valve to close completely results in extra volume work for the heart

Question 16

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 16

caused by untreated rheumatic fever/strep mostly in children

Question 17

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 17

Loss of heart’s ability to pump blood

Question 18

Pericardial Effusion

Answer 18

Accumulation of noninflammatory fluid in the pericardial sac

Question 19

Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 19

When fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac so much that it compresses the heart chambers and affects filling and function

Question 20

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Answer 20

Opening of the interatrial septum allowing pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium.

Question 21

Ventrical Septal Defect

Answer 21

Most common congenital. A hole near the bundle of his, causes blood from the left ventricle to flow to the right ventricle…

Leads to high pulmonary blood flow, and right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 22

PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 22

When the patent ductus doesn’t close after birth, leads to left to right shunt at the pulmonic vein and aorta

Question 23

Coarctation of Aorta

Answer 23

Narrowing of the aorta…impedes blood flow

Question 24

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 24

Cyanotic Congenital Defect

1. Ventricular septal defect
2. Aorta positioned above ventricular septal opening
3. Pulmonary stenosis that obstructs right ventricular outflow
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 25

Transposition of Great Arteries

Answer 25

aorta comes from the right ventricle, pulmonic trunk comes from the left ventricle. Results in two separate noncommunicating circulations

Question 26

Truncus Arteriosus

Answer 26

Pulmonary artery and aorta don't separate...results in one large vessel that receives blood from both the right and left ventricles