cardiac

Question 1

left side of the heart associated with what?

Answer 1

the arteries

Question 2

right side the heart is associated with what?

Answer 2

the veins

Question 3

flow of blood through the heart

Answer 3

blood comes through inferior and superior vena cava to RIGHT atrium- tricuspid valve- RIGHT ventricle- pulmonic valve- pulmonary artery- none 02 blood exchanged for 02 blood-pulmonary veins- LEFT atrium- mitral valve- LEFT ventricle- aortic valve- Aorta- distributed through out body

Question 4

PMI

Answer 4

point of maximum impulse (the apex beat)

located 7cm-9cm left lateral to midsternal line

Question 5

S1

Answer 5

closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) heard during systole LUB-dub. occurs when ventricular pressure builds to the point of forcing AV valves closed and forcing open semilunar valves

Question 6

S2

Answer 6

closure of semi-lunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) heard during end of systole lub-DUB. occurs after ventricular ejection of blood dropping pressure in ventricles forcing semi-lunar valves to close

Question 7

preload

Answer 7

blood building up in ventricles

Question 8

afterload

Answer 8

blood being ejected from ventricles

Question 9

SA node

Answer 9

in right atrium 60-100bpm

Question 10

AV node

Answer 10

in atrium in septum 40-60bpm

Question 11

bundle of his

Answer 11

found in end of septum wrapping around both ventricles; forming the left bundle branch and right bundle branch and purkinje fibers

Question 12

P in (P-QRS-T)

Answer 12

when the atrium depolarizes, blood flowing from atria to ventricles

Question 13

QRS in (P-QRS-T)

Answer 13

ventricular depolarization; ventricle reaching maximum pressure forcing open semilunar valves and ejecting blood.

Question 14

T in (P-QRS-T)

Answer 14

repolarization of ventricles,

Question 15

ausculatory area: Aortic

Answer 15

right sternal border second intercostal space s2 louder than s1

Question 16

ausculatory area: Pulmonic

Answer 16

left sternal border second intercostal space; s2 louder than s1

Question 17

ausculatory area: Erb’s point

Answer 17

left sternal border 3rd intercostal space; s2 louder than s1

Question 18

ausculatory area: Tricuspid

Answer 18

left midsternal 4th intercostal space; s1 louder than s2

Question 19

ausculatory area: Mitral

Answer 19

left 4th-5th interspace midclavicular line

Question 20

s3

Answer 20

ken-tuc-KEY happens right after filling of ventricles. (after s2) results from changes in blood flow in diastole, when rapid filling ends and slow filling begins

Question 21

s4

Answer 21

TEN-nes-see happens right before atrias are ready to contract again (before s1) occurs late in diastolic filling due to atrial contraction

Question 22

Systolic murmurs

Answer 22

After s1 before s2
Aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation
cardiomyopathies
Innocent

Question 23

Diastolic murmurs

Answer 23

(worse outcomes) after s2 before s1 
Aortic regurgitation
Pulmonic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Tricuspid stenosis

Question 24

Aortic stenosis;

Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

Answer 24

timing: systolic
location: right 2nd interspace
intensity: soft or loud with thrill
pitch: medium, higher at apex
radiation: carotids
quality: harsh

Question 25

MVP; | Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

Answer 25

timing: late systolic location: apex intensity: midsystolic click pitch: medium radiation: none quality: honking

Question 26

Mitral regurgitation; | Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

Answer 26

timing: systolic location: apex intensity: soft to loud pitch: medium to high quality: harsh radiation: to left axilla

Question 27

cardiomyopathies; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

Answer 27

timing: systolic location: 3rd to 4th interspace intensity: variable pitch: medium quality: harsh radiation: down left sternal border to apex, maybe to base

Question 28

innocent murmer; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

Answer 28

timing: systolic location: 2nd-4th interspace intensity: grade 1,2,3 pitch: soft to medium quality: variable radiation: little, usually disappears when sitting

Question 29

aortic regurgitation; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

Answer 29

timing: diastolic location: 2nd-4th interspace intensity: grade 1-3 pitch: high quality: blowing decrescendo radiation: if loud to apex or right sternal border * have pt hold breath after exhaling while leaning forward

Question 30

mitral stenosis; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

Answer 30

timing: diastolic location: apex intensity: grade 1-4 pitch: low pitched radiation: none quality: rumble * turn to left lateral

Question 31

grading murmurs

Answer 31

I-very little sound II-quiet but heard III-moderate sound as loud as s1 or s2 IV-loud with palpable thrill V-very loud with thrill, may hear with stethoscope partially off chest VI-very loud with thrill heard with stethoscope off chest wall

Question 32

unstable angina

Answer 32

chest pain with little to no activity

Question 33

stable angina

Answer 33

chest pain with activity or physical exertion

Question 34

variant angina

Answer 34

coronary artery spasm leading to chest pain. can be due to physical stress or cold

Question 35

atypical angina

Answer 35

chest pain that present as vague chest discomfort

Question 36

major bacteria that cause valve disease

Answer 36

streptococcus

Question 37

cardiac history to get from pt

Answer 37

``` past cardiac event cardiac risk factors medications family hx review of systoms ```

Question 38

physical exam for cardiac complaints

Answer 38

General appearance; A+Ox3, levines sign, tripod, facial grimicing, color, edema Inspection, Palpation; pulses, PMI, ribs Ausculatory exam- 3 positions 30 degrees, sitting, leaning forward JVD

Question 39

modifiable risk factors for cardiac pt

Answer 39

HTN, smoking, hyperlipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, weight control, diet, diabetes, estrogen/OC's, Type A personality

Question 40

non modifiable risk factors

Answer 40

genetics, age, race

Question 41

symptoms of heart disease

Answer 41

``` SOB palpitations syncope edema claudication chest pain cyanosis varacies fatigue ```

Question 42

functional cardiac assessment

Answer 42

Class I - no incapacity Class 2- slight limitation Class 3- slight exertional incapacity Class 4-incapacity at rest

Question 43

peripheral vascular assessment

Answer 43

``` check blood pressure pulse pressure carotid pulse JVP Hepatojugular reflux Abdominal Aorta Edema lymphnodes pulses and grading them ```

Question 44

Dopplers

Answer 44

quality of blood flow in arteries and veins

Question 45

ABI

Answer 45

ankle brachial index; measure the blood flow between brachial and ankle. higher the number the better, lower number is more disease. >/=1 normal

Question 46

Cardiomyopathy types

Answer 46

hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive

Question 47

pediatric cardiac assessment

Answer 47

``` have they gained weight cyanotic spells dyspnea exercise intolerance heart murmur chest pain joint pain neurological symptoms medications frequent respiratory infections family HX: hereditary disease, cogential, rheumatic fever, sudden death ```

Question 48

peripheral pulse in child

Answer 48

brachial or femoral not carotid

Question 49

womens symptoms of heart disease

Answer 49

upper back pain, neck or jaw pain, SOB, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, N/V, fatigue

Question 50

leading cause of death of american

Answer 50

heart disease

Question 51

leading cause of CHF

Answer 51

HTN